Pulmonary Function Testing and Inhaler Devices Flashcards
Obstructive VS Restrictive Disorder
Obstructive: Airways are narrow, air can’t get out
-Asthma and COPD, Cystic Fibrosis, Anti-inflammatory
Restrictive: The lung is restricted to opening and closing (Loss of lung volume, Compression of lung tissue)
examples:
-severe scoliosis (curving of the spine to one side)
-fluid between the chest cavity and the lung (stopping the lung from opening and closing)
Spirometry
-Spirometry to test for an obstructive disorder
-how much air a person can hold, how the air flows in and out
Which disease is a form of Consolidation?
-Pneumonia
-inside the lung tissue (infiltrate)
-white spaces on the X-ray showing fluid or inflammation preventing gas exchange
What is Effusion?
-Fluid between the lung tissue and the chest
-compress the lung tissue and prevents lung from expanding
What is the FVC and FEV1?
-FVC: the amount of air we can breathe in
-FEV1 = how much air can be breathed out in the first second
What is the Tidal volume?
Normal breathing
What is the Inspiratory reserve volume?
Residual inspiratory capacity when breathing normal
What are FEV and FVC used for?
-the ratio is used to tell if the disease is obstructive or restrictive
-If the ratio is less than 70% it is considered obstructive
-above 70% is normal
Bronchodilator test
Administering a ß2 agonist, if the results of the FEV1 test get better, we know the condition is reversible –> restrictive (obstructive are irreversible)
What does it mean when a patient has hyperinflation?
-COPD patients are unable to blow air out efficiently and end up with too much air
-increased residual volume (RV)
-barrel chest (ribs extend due to all the air in the lung)
-often in end-stage COPD patients
General Points for Inhaler
-Fully empty lungs before inhaling (do not inhale into the inhaler)
-Hold your breath for 10 seconds after inhalation (or as long as possible)
-remove the dust cap, clean after use, and cover again
-never immerse in water (dry powder may clump)
MDI - Inhaler
-MDI - inhaler does the work (press the button)
-for FIRST USE!: need to be primed to make sure that actual drug is coming out (spray in the air) - after the first time and if used regularly no priming needed
-Shake well prior to use - to ensure equal doses when pressing
-Timing is KEY (consider spacer)
-closed mouth technique
-Slow deep breath
Spacers
-only for MDI
-airtight compartment with an antistatic coating to allow drug to move and not stick to the wall
-valve on the patient end that opens when inhaling and closes after inhaling to keep the drug in the spacer
-need to be washed
Diskus inhaler
-Dry Powder inhaler
-The drug won’t come out until the lever is engaged
-the patient does the work
-deep breath
-hold it like a hamburger
-don’t blow into it
-if a dose is engaged and the inhaler is closed before use, the dose will be lost
Handihaler
-Dry Powder Inhaler
-the patient does the work
-quick deep breath
-the only drug available is tiotropium (Spiriva, LAMA)
-capsules need to be installed and pierced before use
-make 2 inhalations with the same capsule to ensure the full dose is received
-do not hold below parallel
