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Respiratory > Pulmonary function Test > Flashcards

Pulmonary function Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are PFTs used for?

A

permit an accurate and reproducible assessment of the functional state of the respiratory system and allow quantification of the severity of disease.

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2
Q

What are the types of PFTs?

A

Lung volume
Flow rates
Diffusing capacity
Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures

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3
Q

What does lung volume measure?

A

measure the maximum volume of the lungs as well as sub-compartments thereof.

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4
Q

What does flow rate measure?

A

measure the maximal flow of gas out of (and sometimes into) the lung.

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5
Q

What does diffsing capacity measure?

A

measures the transfer of gas from the alveolar space into the capillary blood stream

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6
Q

What does maximal insiratory and expiratory

A

measure the applied strength of the respiratory muscles.

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7
Q

What is used to measure Lung volumes?

A

Spirometer

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8
Q

What are the lung volumes measured and capacities?

A 
tidal volume (TV)
inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Residual volume (RV)
Vital capacity (VC)
inspiratory capacity (IC
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Total lung capacity (TLC)
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9
Q

What is tidal volume (TV)?

A

Volume of air inspired and expired during normal quiet breathing

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10
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

A

The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration

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11
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled from the resting expiratory level

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12
Q

What is residual volume?

A

Volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of maximum expiration

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13
Q

What is Vital capacity? what is it equal to?

A

Volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after a maximum inspiration

VC = IRV + TV + ERV

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14
Q

What is inspiratory capacity? what is it equal to?

A

Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled from the end of a tidal volume

IC = IRV + TV

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15
Q

What is functional residual capacity? what is it equal to?

A

Volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a TV expiration

The elastic force of the chest wall is exactly balanced by the elastic force of the lungs

FRC = ERV + RV

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16
Q

What is total lung capacity? What is it equal to?

A

Volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inspiration

TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV
TLC = IC + FRC
TLC = VC + RV
17
Q

What is FRC?

A

the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration.

18
Q

How is FRC measured?

A

Helium dilution

Helium is insoluble gas, and the amount of helium is the same before and after equilibrium.
C1 x V1 = C2 x (V1 + V2)
FRC V2 = V1(C1 – C2) / C2

19
Q

What is diffusing capacity (DL)?

A

the pulmonary function tests that is done to determine the overall ability of the lung to transport gas into and out of the blood.

20
Q

What test is done for restrictive and obstructive lung disease?

A

Measurement of the single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)

21
Q

How is DLCO measured?

A

DLCO= Vgas/(PACO- PaCO)

22
Q

What is the signifigance of DLCO?

A 
Normals vary by as much as 30%
•	
Decreased in restrictive diseases (generally)
                 -Alveolar fibrosis
•	
Decreased by space occupying tumors and 	
after lung resection
•	
Decreased in loss of lung tissue
                 -Emphysema
23
Q

What are expiratory flow useful in measuring?

Which curves are generated?

A

Obstructive lung diseases

volume time and flow volume loops are generated

24
Q

Which terms are found in expiratory flow measurements?

A

Force vital capacity (FVC)

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second: (FEV1)

Forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75)

25
Q

What are forced vital capacity?

A

Total volume of air that can be exhaled forcefully from TLC

26
Q

How long does it takes to exhale FVC in normal people and obstructive lung disease?

A

The majority of FVC can be exhaled in <3 seconds in normal people, but often is much more prolonged in obstructive diseases

27
Q

What is forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)?

A

Volume of air forcefully expired from full inflation (TLC) in the first second

28
Q

How can FEV1/FVC be utilzed?

A

Normal people can exhale more than 75-80% of their FVC in the first second; thus the FEV1/FVC can be utilized to characterize lung disease

29
Q

What is FEF25-75?

What does it depends on?

A

Mean forced expiratory flow during middle half of FVC

depends heavily on FVC

30
Q

What are the terminology found in flow volume loops?

A

Peak expiratory flow (PEF)
Max inspiratory force (MIF)
Max Expiratory force (MEF)

31
Q

What is Peak expiratory flow?

A

This measures how quickly you can exhale.

32
Q

What does Maximum inspiratory force (MIF), maximum expiratory force (MEF) measure?

A

This measurement reflects inspiratory and expiratory muscle power.

Respiratory (8 decks)

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