Pulmonary Function Test

Question 1

What is ischemia?

Answer 1

when demand for O2 is more than supply of O2

Question 2

What can frequently occur during exercise and manifest as angina?

Answer 2

ischemia

Question 3

How much of horizontal or down sloping of the ST segment is indicative of ischemia?

Answer 3

1.0 mm

Question 4

How much of up sloping of the ST segment is positive for ischemia?

Answer 4

1.5 mm

Question 5

What is lung compliance?

Answer 5

ability of lungs to stretch and expand

Question 6

What is elastic recoil of the lungs?

Answer 6

ability of lungs to recoil inwards from lung collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle fibers

Question 7

What type of lung disease has low compliance and high recoil?

Answer 7

restrictive lung disease

Question 8

what type of lung disease has a high compliance and low recoil?

Answer 8

obstructive lung disease

Question 9

what type of lung disease will have changes in the rib cage and chest wall?

Answer 9

obstructive

Question 10

what type of lung disease has a decreased lung volume?

Answer 10

restrictive lung disease

Question 11

what type of lung disease has an increased lung volume but a reduction in air flow?

Answer 11

obstructive lung disease

Question 12

what type of lung disease causes the diaphragm to flatten?

Answer 12

obstructive lung disease

Question 13

What are the 5 types of causes of restrictive lung disease?

Answer 13

pleural, alveolar, interstitial, neuromuscular, and thoracic cage

Question 14

what is the overall pathophysiology of a restrictive lung disease?

Answer 14

decreased working lung space impairing gas exchange

Question 15

what are the 3 clinical manifestations of restrictive lung disease?

Answer 15

increased RR, decreased SpO2, and increased work of breathing

Question 16

what are the 4 signs and symptoms of restrictive lung disease?

Answer 16

tachypnea, hypoxemia, decreased breath sounds, and decreased chest wall expansion

Question 17

what causes pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 17

immune disorders, occupational exposure, genetic abnormality, or a complication of lung injury

Question 18

what type of breathing can pulmonary fibrosis lead to?

Answer 18

shallow and rapid due to loss of compliance, hypoxemia, and/or DOE

Question 19

what type of restrictive lung disease involves an inflammatory to fibrotic process in the lungs?

Answer 19

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 20

What are the 7 implications for rehab for the restrictive lung disease?

Answer 20

thoracic mobs, respiratory muscle stretching, breathing exercises and inspiratory muscle training, interval training, relaxation techniques, pulmonary rehab, titration of O2

Question 21

what type of lung disease has a reduction in FVC?

Answer 21

restrictive

Question 22

what type of lung disease has a normal or decreased FEV1?

Answer 22

restrictive

Question 23

What type of lung disease has a normal FEV1/FVC ratio?

Answer 23

restrictive

Question 24

what type of lung disease has a reduced TLC?

Answer 24

restrictive

Question 25

what type of lung disease has a smaller flow volume loop?

Answer 25

restrictive

Question 26

what is the primary cause of obstructive lung disease?

Answer 26

smoking which causes inflammation

Question 27

what type of obstructive lung disease has an irreversible dilation of 1 or more bronchi and a cough with sputum?

Answer 27

bronchiectasis

Question 28

what type of obstructive lung disease is inherited?

Answer 28

cystic fibrosis

Question 29

what are the 2 types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 29

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 30

What type of COPD is permanent, abnormal enlargement of the alveoli and destruction of bronchioles?

Answer 30

emphysema

Question 31

when hyperinflation occurs, what happens to the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm?

Answer 31

shortening of inspiratory muscles and flattening of the diaphragm

Question 32

what is the most common complaint with emphysema?

Answer 32

DOE

Question 33

what are types of treatment used for emphysema?

Answer 33

smoking cessation, bronchodilators, O2, pulmonary rehab, volume reduction surgery, lung transplant

Question 34

What type of COPD has a persistent cough that produces sputum for more than 3 months for at least 2 consecutive years and is usually caused by smoking?

Answer 34

chronic bronchitis

Question 35

what is considered end stage chronic bronchitis?

Answer 35

bronchiectasis with permanent dilation of bronchi with purulent secretions and recurrent infections

Question 36

what are treatment options for chronic bronchitis?

Answer 36

smoking cessation, antibiotics for infection, bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, expectorants, mucolytics, O2, airway clearance, and pulmonary rehab

Question 37

what type of obstructive lung disease has reversible airway obstruction related to inflammation?

Answer 37

asthma

Question 38

what can asthmatic episodes be triggered by?

Answer 38

air pollutants, pollen, respiratory infections, exertion, cold air, and medications

Question 39

does asthma have a reproductive or non-reproductive cough?

Answer 39

non-reproductive

Question 40

What are treatment options for asthma?

Answer 40

inhaled steroids prior to inflammation, mainly bronchodilators after inflammation

Question 41

what should be emphasized with exercise and asthma

Answer 41

warm-up

Question 42

what is thought to happen to induce an asthmatic attack during exercise?

Answer 42

due to loss of water and heat from lower respiratory system

Question 43

What is the sequence of events that occurs due to decreased elastic recoil with obstructive lung disease?

Answer 43

decreased recoil leads to hyperinflation then V/Q mismatch then hypoxemia and hypercapnia

Question 44

what is the most common symptom of obstructive lung disease?

Answer 44

dyspnea

Question 45

Clubbing is present in what type of lung disease?

Answer 45

obstructive

Question 46

what type of lung disease has an increases TLC, IRC, and RV?

Answer 46

obstructive

Question 47

what lung disease will have a reduction in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio?

Answer 47

obstructive

Question 48

what lung disease has a prolonged exhalation phase?

Answer 48

obstructive

Question 49

what lung disease will have diminished breath sounds?

Answer 49

obstructive

Question 50

what lung disease will you hear wheezes and crackles?

Answer 50

obstructive

Question 51

What are treatment techniques used for obstructive lung disease?

Answer 51

thoracic mobs and stretching, postural re-ed, rescue breathing ed, O2 target between 88-92% for some patients, pulmonary rehab, and mucus clearance techniques

Question 52

why don't you want to give a patient with obstructive lung disease too much O2?

Answer 52

they can become hypercapnic (too much CO2 in the blood)

Question 53

What test reveals the strength of the diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles?

Answer 53

maximal inspiratory pressure

Question 54

what should the MIP be in patients 18-65 yrs?

Answer 54

lower than -90 cmH2O in men and -70 cmH2O in women

Question 55

what should the MIP be in patients older than 65 yrs?

Answer 55

less than -65 cmH2O in men and -45 cmH2O in women

Question 56

what test indicates the strength of the abdominal and other expiratory muscles?

Answer 56

maximal expiratory pressure

Question 57

what should MEP be in men?

Answer 57

higher than 140 cmH2O

Question 58

what should the MEP be in women?

Answer 58

higher than 90 cmH2O

Question 59

What MEP predicts a weak cough and difficulty clearing secretions?

Answer 59

less than 60 cm H2O

Question 60

what is used to acquire a spirogram?

Answer 60

spirometer

Question 61

in normal lungs, how much of air in the lungs should be expelled in the first second?

Answer 61

80%

Question 62

What is the forced vital capacity (FVC)?

Answer 62

when the patient exhales as long and forcefully as they can after a deep inhale

Question 63

what stage of COPD has an FEV1 of >80%?

Answer 63

stage 1 (mild)

Question 64

what stage of COPD has an FEV1 is between 50-80%?

Answer 64

stage 2 (moderate)

Question 65

what stage of COPD has an FEV1 between 30-50%?

Answer 65

stage 3 (severe)

Question 66

what stage of COPD has an FEV1 of <30%?

Answer 66

stage 4 (very severe)