Pulmonary Embolism and HTN Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of pulmonary embolism

A
Rales, wheezing
RR>20
HR>100
Accentuated 2nd heart sound
Fever
Signs of DVT
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2
Q

Symptoms of pulmonary embolism

A
Acute onset dyspnea
cough, hemoptysis 
Chest pain, palpitations
Syncope, apprehension 
Leg swelling
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3
Q

How does a PE look like on a CXR?

A
Normal most of the time
Can have:
Pleural effusion
Atelactasis 
Ham-toms hump***
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4
Q

How does PE look like on an ECG?

A

Sinus tachy
Non specific ST/TW changes
S1Q3T3
RV strain pattern

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5
Q

What is a D-dimer test?

A

Holds negative predictive value to determining whether or not there is a PE.

  • > tells if there is a thrombus (byproduct of a thrombus being broken down), but is non specific
  • > if neg, then no thrombus -> no PE
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6
Q

How does the ABG test look like for PE?

A

Respiratory alkalosis
Hypoxemia
Increased A-a gradient

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7
Q

Normal MPAP. Elevated?

A

12 - 16 mmHg

> 25 mmHg

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8
Q

Signs of pulmonary HTN

A

Loud S2, high JVP
Tricuspid regurg, louder upon inspiration
Peripheral edema

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9
Q

Symptoms of pulmonary HTN

A
Gradual onset 
Exertional dyspnea and lightheadedness, syncope 
Chest pain
Fatigue, decreased appetite 
Underlying dz symptoms
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10
Q

Pulmonary HTN CXR

A

Look for enlarged pulm trunk or artery

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11
Q

Pulmonary HTN ECG

A
Signs for RVH
Right axis deviation 
R:S >1 in VI
Bigger p wave in lead II (RA enlargement)
RBBB
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12
Q

Pulmonary HTN Echo

A

Can see tricuspid regurg

RVH and IVS pushed to LV

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13
Q

Pulmonary HTN Treatment

A

Diuretics if retaining fluid
Anticoagulants for certain PAH patients and CTEPH patients
O2 for hypoxemia

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