Pulmonary Embolism Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Embolism is

A

Obstruction of the Pulmonary Artery

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2
Q

Risk Factors

A
• DVT
– Virchow’s triad
     \+Venous stasis/prolonged 
       immobility
     \+Vessel wall damage
     \+Hypercoagulability
  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • Fracture (hip/leg)
  • Major surgery/trauma
  • Malignancy
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3
Q

Types of PE

A
  • Blood clot
  • Fat embolus
  • Air embolus
  • Amniotic fluid
  • Tumor particles
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4
Q

Classifications

A

Massive, Submassive, Low risk

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5
Q

Massive Classifications

A

– Profound hypotension
– R & L ventricular dysfunction
– Shock/cardiac arrest

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6
Q

Submassive Classifications

A

– Normotensive
– R ventricular dysfunction
– Elevated cardiac markers

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7
Q

Low-risk Classifications

A

– Normotensive/No ventricular dysfunction or elevation in cardiac markers

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8
Q

Initial Clinical Manifestations

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Chest pain
  • Tachypnea
  • Tachycardia
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9
Q

Submassive/Massive Clinical Manifestations

A
• R heart failure with JVD
• Hypotension
• Anxious/restless/confused
• Hypoxia
• Poor peripheral perfusion
• Hemoptysis with pulmonary
infarction
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10
Q

Diagnosis

A

• Imaging
– CXR
– CT scan

• Laboratory testing
– D-dimer
– ABG
– Cardiac markers

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11
Q

Medical Management

A
• Anticoagulation
• IVC filters - prevent recurrence
• Cautious fluid management
• Hemodynamically compromised
– Thrombolytics
– Embolectomy
– Vasoactive/inotropic support
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12
Q

Nursing Assessment

A
• Oxygenation/Spo2
• Chest pain
• VS
• Labs
– ABGs
– Lactate
– Coagulation studies
– Cardiac markers
• Urine output
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13
Q

Nursing Actions

A
  • Provide O2
  • Elevate HOB
  • Medication Management
  • Fluid management
  • Bleeding precautions
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