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Pulmo > Pulmonary Embolism > Flashcards

Pulmonary Embolism Flashcards

1
Q

Embolus that occlude the main pulmonary artery, impact across the bifurcation

A

Saddle embolus

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2
Q

Embolus that passes through an interventricular defect to gain access to systemic circulation

A

Paradoxical embolism

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3
Q

Most common source of embolism

A

Isolated calf vein thrombi (DVT)

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4
Q

The great masquerade

A

Pulmonary embolism

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5
Q

Most common history

A

Unexplained breathlessness

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6
Q

Most common symptom

A

Dyspnea

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7
Q

Most common sign

A

Tachypnea

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8
Q

Dyspnea, syncope, hypotension, cyanosis

A

Massive pulmonary embolism

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9
Q

Most common preventable cause of death among hospitalized patients

A

Pulmonary Embolism

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of small pulmonary embolism

A

Pleuritic pain, cough, hemoptysis

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11
Q

Cramp in lower calf that persist for several days and becomes more uncomfortable

A

Deep vein thrombosis

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12
Q

Most common abnormality in ECG

A

T wave inversion in lead V1-V4 (anteroseptal)

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13
Q

Gold standard

A

Contrast venography

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14
Q

Focal oligemia

A

Westermark’s sign

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15
Q

Peripheral wedge shaped density above the diaphragm

A

Hampton’s hump

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16
Q

Enlarged right descending pulmonary artery

A

palla’s sign

17
Q

Principal imaging test for diagnosis for PE

A

Chest CT with IV contrast

18
Q

Pathognomonic ECG sign

A

S1Q3T3 sign (S in lead I, Q in lead III, inverted T in lead III)

19
Q

Second line diagnostic test for PE

A

Lung scanning

20
Q

Hypokinesis of RV free wall with normal motion of RV apex in echocardiography

A

McConnell’s sign

21
Q

Definitive diagnosis of PE visualization of an intraluminal filling defect in more than 1 projection

A

Pulmonary angiography

22
Q

Diagnostic test for suspected DVT

A

Contrast plebography

23
Q

Binds to and accelerates the activity of antithrombin preventing formation and permits endogenous fibrinolytic mechanism to lyse clot that formed

A

Unfractionated heparin

24
Q

Oral anticoagulant

A

Warfarin

25
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitor for prevention of VTE after total hip and knee replacement

A

dabigatran

26
Q

Most serious adverse effect of anticoagulation

A

Hemorrhage

27
Q

Antidote for Heparin or LMWH

A

Protamine sulfate

28
Q

Anticoagulant for patients with renal insufficiency

A

Argatroban

29
Q

Anticoagulant for patients with hepatic failure

A

Lepirudin

30
Q

Common complication of IVC filter

A

Caval thrombosis with marked bilateral leg swelling

31
Q

2 principal indication for IVC filter insertion

A
  • active bleeding that precludes anticoagulation

- recurrent venous thrombosis despite intensive anticoagulation

Pulmo (1 decks)

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