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oral medicine and diagnosis > pulmonary dx pts/ vaping > Flashcards

pulmonary dx pts/ vaping Flashcards

1
Q

congential vs acquired pul dx

A
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2
Q

industrial acquired pul dx

A
  • Black Lung (coal miners)
  • Asbestosis (miners)
  • Bronchitis (Steel mills,smog)
  • COPD
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3
Q

recreational pul dx

A
  • Tobacco: Cigarettes, cigars, pipes
  • Vaping
  • Chew (Snus, chaw, dip, etc.)_
  • Cannabis (Marie Juana)
  • Cigarettes (joint)
  • Cannabidol
  • Topical (oils, creams)
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4
Q

Focal Problems aggravated by
Smoke and Smoking

A
  • Periodontal Disease
  • Asthma
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5
Q

relation of smoking to perio dx
cumulative/dependent?
result?

A

a

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6
Q

smoking increases tooth loss odds by?

A

70%

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7
Q

smoking effects on perio mechanism?

A
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8
Q

smoking effects on perio possible effects?
vascular?
pmn?
Ig?
lymphocytes?
pathogens?
fibroblasts?
difficulty with?
cytokines/GFs?

A
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9
Q

refactory periodontitis with smokers?

A
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10
Q

asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory airway disorder
* Airway hyper-responsiveness to stimuli
* Bronchial edema
* Narrowing of the airways i.e., obstruction

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11
Q

signs and symptoms of asthm,a

A

Recurrent, reversible episodes of:
*Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
*Wheezing
*Coughing
*Tightness of chest

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12
Q

Which of the following is a “true”
asthma symptom?
*Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
*Wheezing
*Coughing
*Tightness of chest

A

tightness of chest

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13
Q

Aggravating/Complicating Factors of asthma

A

● Smoking
● Air pollutants (quality)
- urban
- industrial

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14
Q

asthma stages

A
  1. Controlled
  2. Partially Controlled
  3. Uncontrolled
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15
Q

controlled asthma

A
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16
Q

partially controlled asthma

A
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17
Q

uncontrolled asthma

A
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18
Q

Types of Asthma

A
  1. Extrinsic (Allergic)
  2. Exercise Induced
  3. Intrinsic
  4. Drug Induced
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19
Q

Intrinsic (idiosyncratic, nonallergic, nonatopic)
* common?
* demo?
* Triggered by?
* Infrequently associated with?
* IgE levels?

A
  • Second most common
  • Middle-aged individuals
  • Triggered by respiratory irritants (tobacco, air pollution, emotional stress, gastroesophageal reflux
    disease (GERD)
  • Infrequently associated with family history
  • Normal IgE levels
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20
Q

intrinsic asthma pathway

A
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21
Q

patient considerations for asthma

22
Q

status asthmaticus

A

Severe prolonged asthma attack (more than 24 hours)
→ life threatening

23
Q

drugs to avoid with asthma

A

➢Aspirin, NSAIDs, Narcotics, Macrolide antibiotics
➢Sulfite containing local anesthetics may need to be avoided

24
Q

drug of choice for asthma attack

A

Short-acting Beta2-adrenergic agonist (inhaler) is the drug of choice for an acute attack

25
sedation for asthma pts
➢Nitrous (better) ➢Short-acting benzodiazepine
26
severe persistent asthma
med consult
27
asthma emergency pt presentation res. rate? HR? appearance?
* Respiratory rate >25 breaths/min, labored breathing * Tachycardia >110 beats/min * Flushed appearance
28
what to do at school with asthma attack
* Stop treatment, inform supervising faculty, administer O2, and call 4444 ➢ Remove all items from patient’s mouth ➢ Record the time attack began ➢ Raise the dental chair ➢ Give short-acting β2-adrenergic agonist inhaler ➢ Administer oxygen o Administer 0.3-0.5 ml of 1:1000 epinephrine –small doses are SM dilators o Call an ambulance o Re-administer short-acting β2-adrenergic agonist inhaler every 20 minutes until EMS arrive o The emergency team will continue treating the patient with bronchodilators and oral systemic corticosteroids
29
Focal Problems from Smoke and Smoking
* COPD - Bronchitis - Emphysema * CAD (coronary artery disease)
30
types of COPD
bronchcitis and emphysema
31
Bronchiolitis
(chronic obstruction - small airways) * Excessive tracheobronchial mucus production to cause coughing and sputum production for >3 months for >2 consecutive years in the absence of infection or other causes of chronic cough
32
emphysema
* Longterm Chronic obstructive bronchiolitis leads to destruction of lung parenchyma and alveolar walls * Decreased elastic recoil * Difficulty in maintaining airway opening during expiration
33
progression COPD
Type II (emphysema) is a progression of Type I leading many to just use these as descriptive terms for COPD.
34
3rd leading cause of death in USA
COPD
35
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Aggravating/Complicating Factors
● Smoking ● Air pollutants (quality) - urban - industrial ● CVD - comorbidity
36
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Signs and Symptom
* Dyspnea * Cough * Sputum
37
COPD tx
* Inhaled long-acting bronchodilators * Corticosteroids if asthma also present and/or more reversible obstruction * Smoking cessation is only intervention that actually lessens disease progression
38
important COPD meds
39
COPD oral manifestations
* Dry mouth * Steven-Johnson syndrome with theophylline
40
COPD can exacerbate the smoking effects of? * breath? * Tooth? nicotine ? * Periodontal? * malignancies? * plaques? * what cancer?
* Halitosis * Tooth staining * Nicotine stomatitis * Periodontal disease * Oral potentially malignant disorders * Leukoplakia * Erythroplakia * Oral squamous cell carcinoma
41
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) dental tx considerations Determine? ➢ Medical consultation for? ➢ If COPD Stage III or higher?
Determine stage and severity of COPD ➢ Medical consultation for mild to moderate COPD to determine the presence of respiratory failure right-sided heart failure ➢ If COPD Stage III or higher or who have respiratory and heart failure o Consider dental treatment in a hospital setting
42
tx if
➢ Place the patient in a semi-supine position to avoid respiratory distress ➢ Avoid using a rubber dam ➢ Avoid treating if upper respiratory infection is present ➢ Local anesthetic with epi is acceptable o May need to limit epi if concomitant CVD
43
what meds should be avoided in copd? when should macrolides and ciprofloxacin be avoided?
* Avoid medications that cause respiratory depression ➢Barbiturates ➢Narcotics ➢Nitrous oxide is contraindicated ➢Benzodiazepines (low dose may be acceptable in certain situations) o Consult physician * macrolide antibiotics and ciprofloxacin should not be prescribed to COPD patients already taking theophylline
44
vaping
45
vaping components
46
e liquid ingredients
47
are e liquids safe?
48
vaping aerosol
49
why is vaping popular
50
EVALI
51
other health concerns of vaping hr? bp? bronchitis? lung dx? blood sugar?
52
vaping effects on oral health?

oral medicine and diagnosis (6 decks)

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