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P&T Block 2 > Pulmonary drugs > Flashcards

Pulmonary drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Albuterol

A

beta 2 agonist short acting ^ cAMP causes bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, and skeletal muscle stimulation ADR: tachycardia, tremors, transient dec. in K levels, lactic acidosis USES: acute asthma exacerbation, exercise induced asthma, acute COPD

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2
Q

Levalbuterol

A

beta 2 agonist short acting ^ cAMP causes bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, and skeletal muscle stimulation ADR: tremors, tachycardia, transient dec. in K levels, lactic acidosis USES: acute asthma exacerbation, exercise induced asthma, acute COPD

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3
Q

Terabutaline

A

beta 2 agonist short acting ^ cAMP causes bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, and skeletal muscle stimulation ADR: tachycardia, tremors, transient dec. in K levels, lactic acidosis USES: acute asthma exacerbation, exercise induced asthma, acute COPD

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4
Q

Formoterol

A

beta 2 agonist long acting ^cAMP causes bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, and skeletal muscle stimulation ADR: tachycardia, tremor, lactic acidosis, transient dec. in K levels Must be combined with ICS to prevent increased risk of asthma related death USES: prevention of asthma attack, COPD maintenance

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5
Q

Salmeterol

A

beta 2 agonist long acting ^cAMP causes bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, and skeletal muscle stimulation ADR: tachycardia, tremors, transient dec. in K levels, lactic acidosis must be combined with ICS to prevent increased risk of asthma related deaths USES: prevention of asthma attacks; maintenance of COPD

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6
Q

Indacaterol

A

beta 2 agonist long acting ^cAMP causes bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, and skeletal muscle stimulation ADR: tachycardia, tremors, transient dec. in K levels, lactic acidosis Must be given with ICS to prevent increased risk of asthma related deaths USES: prevention of asthma attacks; maintenance of COPD

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7
Q

Vilanterol

A

beta 2 agonist long acting ^ cAMP results in bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, and skeletal muscle stimulation ADR: tachycardia, tremors, transient dec. in K levels, lactic acidosis Must be given with ICS to prevent increased risk of asthma related deaths USES: prevention of asthma attacks; maintenance of COPD

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8
Q

Ipratropium Bromide

A

anticholinergic short acting inhibits M1 and M3 which results in dec. cGMP –> bronchodilation ADR: blurred vision, dry mouth, nausea, urinary retention, tachycardia, CNS effects (low bioavailibility so minimal side effects) USES: acute asthma, acute COPD, maintenance of COPD bronchospasms

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9
Q

Tiotropium

A

anticholinergic long acting inhibits M1 and M3 results in decreased cGMP–> bronchodilation ADR: blurred vision, dry mouth, nausea, urinary retention, tachycardia, CNS effects USES: maintenance of COPD

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10
Q

Acidinium bromide

A

anticholinergic long acting blocks M1 and M3 resulting in decreased cGMP —> bronchodilation ADR: blurred vision, dry mouth, nausea, urinary retention, tachycardia, CNS effects USES: maintenance of COPD

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11
Q

Umeclidinium bromide

A

anticholinergic long acting blocks M1 and M3 resulting in decreased cGMP –> bronchodilation ADR: blurred vision, dry mouth, nausea, urinary retention, tachycardia, CNS effects USES: maintenance of COPD

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12
Q

Theophylline

A

methylxanthine inhibits PDE and increase cAMP–> bronchodilation inflammatory cell regulator ADR: GI upset, tachyarrthymias, seizures, jitteriness USES: acute asthma; emphysema, chronic bronchitis

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13
Q

Beclomethasone

A

inhaled corticosteroid reduces inflammatory cells activation, recruitment, and infiltration decrease vascular permeability ADR: bone resorption, metabolism, skin thinning, candidiasis, GR

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14
Q

Budenoside

A

inhaled corticosteroid reduces inflammatory cells activation, recruitment, and infiltration decrease vascular permeability ADR: bone resorption, metabolism, candidiasis, GR

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15
Q

Fluticasone

A

inhaled corticosteroid reduces inflammatory cells activation, recruitment, and infiltration decrease vascular permeability ADR: bone resorption, metabolism, candidiasis, GR

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16
Q

Mometasone

A

inhaled corticosteroid reduces inflammatory cells activation, recruitment, and infiltration decrease vascular permeability ADR: bone resorption, metabolism, candidiasis, GR

17
Q

Triamcinolone

A

inhaled corticosteroid reduces inflammatory cells activation, recruitment, and infiltration decrease vascular permeability ADR: bone resorption, metabolism, candidiasis, GR

18
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

systemic corticosteroid reduces inflammatory cells activation, recruitment, and infiltration decrease vascular permeability ADR: hyperglycemia, HTN, fractures, sodium and water retention, impaired wound healing, infections, glaucoma, pancreatitis

19
Q

Prednisone

A

systemic corticosteroid reduces inflammatory cells activation, recruitment, and infiltration decrease vascular permeability ADR: hyperglycemia, HTN, fractures, sodium and water retention, impaired wound healing, infections, glaucoma, pancreatitis

20
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

systemic corticosteroid most potent mineralcorticoid reduces inflammatory cells activation, recruitment, and infiltration decrease vascular permeability

21
Q

Dexamethasone

A

systemic corticosteroid most potent anti-inflammatory longest acting reduces inflammatory cells activation, recruitment, and infiltration decrease vascular permeability ADR: hyperglycemia, HTN, fractures, sodium and water retention, impaired wound healing, infections, glaucoma, pancreatitis

22
Q

Cromolyn

A

anti-inflammatory

mast cell stabilizer; inhibits activation and release of mediators from eosinophils and epithelial cells

ADR: cough and wheezing

USES: prevention of asthma; prior to exercise or exposure to allergens

23
Q

Nedocromil

A

anti-inflammatory

mast cell stabilization; inhibits activation and release of mediators from eosinophils and epithelial cells

ADR: coughing, wheezing, and bad taste

USES: prevention of asthma; prior to exercise or exposure to allergens

24
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

prevents mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and eosinophil recruitment

ADR: headache, nausea, abdominal pain

USES: prevention of mild-persistent asthma; allergic rhinitis

25
Q

Montelukast

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

prevents mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and eosinophil recruitment

ADR: headache, nausea, abdominal pain

USES: prevention of mild-persistent asthma; allergic rhinitis

26
Q

Zileuton

A

leukotriene modifier–> 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

prevents conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene

ADR: liver toxicity, hyperbilirubinemia

Not used much

Use: mild-persistent asthma, allergic rhinitis

27
Q

Omalizumab

A

Anti-IgE

ADR: anaphylaxis

USES: treatment of severe allergic asthma

28
Q

Mepolizumab

A

Anti- IL5

ADR: hypersensitivity reaction/anaphylaxis, injection site reaction, headache, myalgia

USE: severe allergic asthma (add on therapy)

29
Q

Anti-histamines

1st generation

A

competitive antagonist to H1 receptors

prevent histamine binding and thereby prevent bronchoconstriction

lipophilic so more side effects than 2nd generation

ADR: sedation

USES: allergic reactions, allergic rhinitis, motion sickness

30
Q

Anti-histamine

2nd generation

A

competitive anatonist to H1 receptors

prevent histamine binding and thereby prevent bronchoconstriction

USES: allergic reactions, allergic rhinitis

31
Q

Antitussives- opioids

A

codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone

act centrally to increase cough threshold

ADR: nausea, vomiting, sedation, and constipation

USES: suppression of cough

32
Q

Benzonatate

A

anti-tussive

blocks cough reflex (acts at the stretch receptors of vagal afferents)

ADR: nausea, mucosal numbness

USES: cough

33
Q

Guanifenesin

A

expectorant

loosens and thins lower respiratory secretions

ADR: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and diarrhea (from sorbitol)

USES: ineffective productive coughs

34
Q

Nintedanib

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

ADR: GI, increased liver enzymes, MI, increased bleeding risk

USES: pulmonary fibrosis

35
Q

Pirfenidone (esbriet)

A

ADR: photosensitivty, liver toxicity, skin rash

USE: pulmonary fibrosis

P&T Block 2 (4 decks)

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