Pulmonary Disease Flashcards
What does inspiratory dysponea suggest?
Upper respiratory tract disease
- laryngeal paralysis
- laryngeal neoplasia
- tracheal stenosis
What does expiratory dysponea suggest?
Small air collapse
- bronchomalacia
- feline asthma
- bronchial narrowing
What does both inspiratory and expiratory dysponea suggest?
Disease of the lungs or something in the pleura
- pneumonia
- pulmonary oedema
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- pleural effusion
- pneumothorax
- PTE
What is and obstructive respiratory pattern?
Increased respiratory effort
- URT obstruction
- bronchial narrowing
What is a restrictive breathing pattern?
Fast, shallow respiration
- pulmonary
- pleural
What does distribution tell us about the cause of pneumonia?
Craniodorsal - aspiration pneumonia (megaoesophagus, laryngeal paralysis)
Caudodorsal - haematogenous spread
What can cause pneumonia in CKCS puppies?
Pneumocystis carinii
Seen ion CKCS puppies with an immunoglobulin deficiency and other immunocompromised patients
Treatment: TMPS
How should you perform a lung biopsy?
Only if next to chest wall - risk of pneumothorax
Ultrasound guided
What is the pathogenesis and presentation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
WHWT
Slow onset, progressive inspiratory and expiratory dysponea
No coughing
Restrictive pattern - rapid, shallow breathing
Rectus abdominus hypertrophy
Cyanosis on minimal exertion
As the point of pressure changes during expiration in pulmonary fibrosis there is dynamic collapse during expiration
How can you diagnose idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Crackles auscultated over the lung fields
Interstitial pattern on radiography
Peri-bronchial and vascular fibrosis on CT
How can you treat pulmonary fibrosis?
Restrict exercise Home delivery of oxygen Bronchodilators - aminophylline, theophylline, salbutamol, terbutaline Prednisolone Anti-fibrotic - colchicine
What conditions predispose to PTE?
IMHA PLN / PLE Cushings Pancreatitis Sepsis DIC
What is the clinical presentation of PTE?
Sudden onset dysponea
Cyanosis
Loud S2 on cardiac auscultation - delayed closure of pulmonic valve
Large arterial : alveolar oxygen concentration gradient on blood gases
Hypolucent region on radiographs
How should you treat PTE?
Oxygen
Sedate - ACP / butorphanol
Treat underlying disease
Anticoagulant - Dalteparin - low molecular weight heparin
Anti platelet medication - clopidogrel, low dose aspirin
How does non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema present?
Respiratory distress with alveolar infiltrate on radiograph
= non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
