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CPR Exam 2 > Pulmonary Blood Flow > Flashcards

Pulmonary Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

Where do Alveolar Capillaries receive blood from?

A

Right ventricle

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2
Q

What is the O2 and CO2 content in the blood going to alveolar capillaries?

A

Low O2

High CO2

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3
Q

What are alveolar capillaries involved in?

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and air

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4
Q

Where do Extra-Alveolar Capillaries receive blood from?

A

Left ventricle

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5
Q

What is the O2 and CO2 content in the blood going to the Extra-Alveolar Capillaries?

A

High O2

Low CO2

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6
Q

What do the Extra-Alveolar Capillaries do?

A

deliver oxygen and CO2 to the tissue of the lungs

Provide nutrients to and remove waste from airways

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7
Q

Where does the blood from the Extra-Alveolar Capillaries return to?

What is this type of blood called?

A

Return to the heart in the pulmonary veins

Venous Admixture - bronchial circulation added to blood that went to alveoli

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8
Q

What is the blood gas in the return vein from the alveolar capillary?

A

high PaO2

Low PaCO2

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9
Q

How does the blood from the alveolar capillaries return to the heart?

A

the Pulmonary Veins to the LV

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10
Q

What is the blood gas in vein leaving extra-alveolar capillary?

A

Low PaO2
High PaCO2

Reduces the PaO2 of the arterial blood by a few mm Hg
Increases the PaCO2 a small degree
Came into EAC with high O2 and low CO2

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11
Q

What is the equation for pulmonary vascular resistance?

Is it lower or higher than rest of body?

A

PBP = CO x PVR

It is much lower

Because pulmonary blood pressure is really low around 25/15 vs systemic which is 120/80

PVR = PBP/CO

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12
Q

What determines PVR?

A

High number of capillaries
How many are open at a given moment
Much less sympathetic tone/vasocontricting forces

Also depends on Lung Volume

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13
Q

How does PVR change during exercise?

A

PVR drops

More capillaries open up to accommodate increased CO

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14
Q

How does PVR change with lung volume?

A

At low or very high lung volumes the PVR INCREASES because the stretch of the tissue compresses the capillaries

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15
Q

What are some lung diseases/hypoxemias associated with Pulmonary Hypertension?

A

COPD
Interstitial Lung Disease
Sleep-Disordered Breathing

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16
Q

Compare and contrast the PVR with the Systemic total peripheral resistance

A

Normal value:
PVR LOW
Systemic Moderate

Blood Pressure:
PVR Low
Systemic Higher

Blood Volume:
PVR 5 L/min
Systemic 5 L/min

17
Q

What is the BP, Blood Flow, and condition of Alveoli in the Apex of the lungs?

A

Apex:
Blood Pressure = Reduced
Alveoli = Expanded
Blood Flow = Less

*above heart

18
Q

What is the BP, Blood Flow, and condition of Alveoli in the Middle Region of the lungs?

A

Middle:
Blood Pressure = Little Higher
Alveoli = Average Size
Blood Flow = “Normal”

*at heart level

19
Q

What is the BP, Blood Flow, and condition of Alveoli in the Base of the lungs?

A

Base:
Blood Pressure = High
Alveoli = Smaller
Blood Flow = Greater

*Below heart

20
Q

Describe the role of NO in control of pulmonary blood flow

A

Made in endothelium
causes smooth muscle RELAXation and VasoDILATIOM
Significant role in NORMAL pulmonary blood flow

21
Q

Describe the role of Endothelin 1 and Thromboxane A2 in the control of pulmonary blood flow

A

Endothelin 1:
made in lungs
vasoCONTRICTOR
player under PATHOLOGIC conditions - not under normal conditions

Thromboxane A2
treat same as endothelin 1

22
Q

Describe the mechanism of keeping the Alveoli “dry”

A

The interstitial hydrostatic pressure is believed to be negative and favor filtration of fluid from the capillary to the alveolus

The net Starling forces favor filtration along the length of the pulmonary capillary

The LYMPHATICS are crucial in removing the filtered fluid from the alveolus to keep them “dry”

23
Q

Why do people on ACE inhibitors develop a cough?

A

accumulation of bradykinin

ACE inactivated bradykinin

24
Q

Describe the role of the lung in the production of angiotensin 2

A

The lungs have angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which converts angiotensin 1 to 2

25
Q

Describe the role of the lungs in the metabolism of bradykinin

A

ACE in lungs breaks down bradykinin in lungs

26
Q

What is the role of the lungs in the production of arachidonic acid metabolites?

A

Leukotrienes and prostaglandins/thromboxane A2 are produced by immune system activation in the lungs

Prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha and leukotrienes are almost completely removed from circulation in the lungs

^broken down by enzymes in the lungs

CPR Exam 2 (5 decks)

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