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xD3 Med Mgmt Ex1 > Pulmonary (Abubaker) > Flashcards

Pulmonary (Abubaker) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 types of pulmonary diseases based on location in the airway?

A
  1. Upper respiratory disease

2. Lower respiratory disease

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2
Q

What are 7 examples of upper respiratory disease?

A
  1. Common cold
  2. Influenza
  3. Pharyngitis
  4. Acute bronchitis
  5. Herpangina
  6. Tracheobronchitis
  7. Acute obstructive laryngeobronchitis
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3
Q

What is the significance of upper respiratory disease to the dentist?

A

Spread and transmission of the disease

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4
Q

What is the significance of upper respiratory disease to the patient?

A

Breathing during treatment

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5
Q

What are 3 general categories of lower respiratory disease?

A
  1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  2. Granulomatous disease
  3. Restrictive pulmonary disease (occupational)
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6
Q

What are 3 types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (lower respiratory disease)?

A
  1. Bronchial Asthma
  2. Chronic bronchitis
  3. Emphysema
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7
Q

What are 2 types of granulomatous diseases (lower respiratory disease)?

A
  1. Tuberculosis

2. Sarcoidosis

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8
Q

What are 3 types of restrictive pulmonary disease (lower respiratory disease)?

A
  1. Pulmonary fibrosis
  2. Mesothelioma
  3. Black lung
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9
Q

What disease includes irreversible obstruction of the airflow from the lungs?

A

COPD

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10
Q

What is different between the 2 types of COPD: chronic bronchitis and emphysema?

A

The mechanism of obstruction of airflow from the lungs (bronchitis deals with bronchus, emphysema is the alveoli)

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11
Q

What is the character of the alveoli of emphysema?

A

Weakened, collapsed with excess mucous

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12
Q

What is the character of the bronchus of Chronic Bronchitis COPD?

A

The bronchus lining is thickened with increased mucous

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a patient with Chronic Bronchitis COPD?

A 
50 years old
Overweight
Chronic productive cough with mucopurulent sputum
Mild dyspnea
Hypoxic
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14
Q

What is the nickname for someone with Chronic Bronchitis COPD?

A

Blue bloater

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15
Q

What are the physical characteristics of someone with emphysema?

A

60 years old
Thin, barrel-chested
No cough or sputum
Severe dyspnea

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16
Q

What is the nickname for a patient with emphysema COPD?

A

Pink puffers

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17
Q

What are the hematocrit, PCO2 and PO2 for Chronic Bronchitis COPD?

A

Hematocrit elevated
PCO2 is decreased
PO2 is decreased (hypoxic)

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18
Q

What are the hematocrit, PCO2 and PO2 for emphysema?

A

Hematocrit normal
PCO2 is normal
PO2 is decreased
Note: Emphysema is oxygen-driven so expect low O2

19
Q

What is contraindicated in emphysema?

A

Nitrous

20
Q

If giving oxygen to a COPD patient (chronic bronchitis or emphysema) is the flow normal (5L/min) or low (2-4L/min)?

A

Low (2-4L/min)

21
Q

Which COPD patient is more prone to respiratory infections?

A

Chronic bronchitis COPD

22
Q

What is a recerurrent episodic inflammatory respiratory disease triggered by multiple stimuli, resulting in dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing?

A

Bronchial asthma

23
Q

What are 2 types of bronchial asthma?

A
  1. Intrinsic

2. Extrinsic (allergi or atopic)

24
Q

Intrinsic bronchial asthma is most common in what gender? It is induced by what stimulit?

A
  1. Adult female

2. Drug-induced, exercise, infection

25
Q

Extrinsic bronchial asthma is most common in what demographic?

A

Children and males with family history

26
Q

What drugs could set off extrinsic asthma?

A

NSAIDs, beta and adrenergic blockers

27
Q

What is the character of the expiration in asthma attack: long or short expiration?

A

Long

28
Q

What occurs at the end of an asthma attack?

A

Productive cough

29
Q

What are the 4 classes of drugs used to manage bronchial asthma?

A
  1. Antiinflammatories: steroids and NSAIDs
  2. Beta adrenergic bronchodilators
  3. Methyxanthines
  4. Anticholinergic bronchodilators
30
Q

What is an oral manifestation for anesthetizing an asthmatic?

A

Preservative for EPI in local could cause an allergic reaciont?

31
Q

What antibiotic is contraindicated in an asthmatic that is taking theophylline (brand name Aerolate) because it can increase theophylline levels in the patient?

A

Erythromycin

32
Q

What is the emergency treatment of acute asthmatic attack should the patient’s inhaler not work?

A

Subcutaneous injection of 0.3-0.5mL of 1:100 EPI

33
Q

What are the signs of Tb (mycobacterium tuberculosis infection active)?

A
  1. Malaise
  2. Weight loss
  3. Night sweats
  4. Fever at night
  5. Persistent non-purulent cough
  6. Oral manifestations (lymphadenopathy, osteomyelitis, ulcers)
34
Q

When can a patient with active Tb be treated?

A

Only after 2-3 weeks of Tb treatment, prior to this, only treat for urgent care, then only with MD consult, in a hospital and strict use of the handpiece

35
Q

What is the protocol for a patient with history of Tb, but not active?

A

Consult with MD and ensure the patient is disease-free

36
Q

What is the protocol for a patient with a positive Tb skin test

A

Rule out active disease by MD, then treat as normal

37
Q

What should be the treatment of a patient taking one anti-Tb agent for positive skin test and negative chest X-ray?

A

Treat as normal

38
Q

What is the protocol for a patient with symptoms of Tb?

A

Refer to MD, only do urgent care; same as for active Tb patient

39
Q

If the patient is taking Rifampin to treat Tb, what can be expected with dental treatment?

A
  1. Increased infection risk
  2. Delayed healing
  3. Gingival bleeding
40
Q

If a patient is taking an isoniazide (INH) for Tb treatment, what 2 drugs are contraindicated?

A
  1. Acetominophen

2. Valium

41
Q

If a patient taking Streptomycin or Amikacin, what drug is contraindicated?

A

Aspirin

42
Q

What drug will stay around longer if the patient is taking Rifampin for Tb treatment?

A

Diazepam (Valium)

43
Q

A sarcoidosis patient will present with what complaint?

A

Dry mouth

44
Q

What is the treatment for a patient with sarcoidosis?

A

Long-term steroid use

xD3 Med Mgmt Ex1 (6 decks)

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