Pulmonary

Question 1

What gram postive cocci cause pneumonia?

Answer 1

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes, group B
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 2

Being that S. aureus, group B Strep, & Strep. pneumoniae are all gram positive cocci, what are their other morphological features to differentiate themfrom eachother?

Answer 2

S. aureus-Gram + cocci in CLUSTERS, yellowish beta hemolytic colony

Group B strep- gram positive cocci

Strepto. pneumoniae-Gram + cocci in PAIRS; large, mucoid, alpha-hemolytic colony

Question 3

what is the only gram positive bacilli to cause respiratory illnesses and what are its other morphological traits?

Answer 3

Bacillus anthrax (anthracis)- it is spore forming

Question 4

What are the gram negative bacilli that cause respiratory illnesses?

Answer 4

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Burkholderia spp
Bordetella pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Bacteroides fragilis

Question 5

Of the gram negative bacilli which ones are coccobacilli?

Answer 5

Bordetella pertussis

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 6

of the gram negative bacilli which ones are pleomorphic?

Answer 6

Legionella pneumophila

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 7

of the gram negative bacilli which one is anaerobic?

Answer 7

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 8

What virus causes pneumonia?

Answer 8

Adenovirus,

Question 9

What organisms of yeast cause respiratory illnesses?

Answer 9

Cryptococcus neoformans

Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

Question 10

what fungii organisms caues respiratory illnesses?

Answer 10

Histoplasma capsulatum

Coccidioides immitis

Question 11

this organism causes less than 5% of pneumonias, & especially after viral infection, it is known to have toxins & invasive toxins as well as adhesive matrix & quorum sensing, super antigens, plasmids?

Answer 11

Staph. aureus

Question 12

this causes pneumonitis in neonates, has a Hyaluronic acid capsule; antiphagocytic; Erythrogenic toxin (Scarlet fever rash); Streptolysin O and S (cytotoxic)

Answer 12

Streptococcus pyogenes, group B

Question 13

This is the #1 cause of (Lobar and bronchial ) pneumonia (50-90%): can be a part of normal flora in adults; also has hick capsule, IgA protease, invasive enzymes.

Answer 13

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 14

infrequent cause of pneumonia, seen as a nosocomial infection with neonates and intubations

Answer 14

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 15

This organism is in top 5 for causing pneumonia, it is an INTRACELLULAR PARACITE, resist killing by superoxide & hydroxyl radical; inhibits phagosome/ lysosome/ flagella promotes invasion; secretes protein. what organism is it and what does it cause?

Answer 15

Legionella pneumophila

Legionellosis

Question 16

this is an acute pulmonary infection characterized by localized infection (ulcers/nodule/abscess), delayed leads to necortizing pnuemonia, septicemia and multi-organ involvement. it is a gram negative bacillus?

Answer 16

Burkholderia spp

Question 17

what are the virulence factors for Burkholderia spp and Tx considerations?

Answer 17

Cytotoxic lethal factor, capsular polysaccharide, actin polymerization factor (nuero), filamentous hemagglutinin (septic)

Most species resistant to multiple antimicrobics

Question 18

This causes spasms causing cough w/”whoop”, known as bronchitis in adults, has toxins and produces thick exudate. is a gram negative coccobacilli?

Answer 18

Bordetella pertussis

Question 19

This Gram - coccobacilli, very small, short rod is the #3 cause (5-15%) of pnemonia, esp. adults; strict PARASITE; may be normal URT flora of adult; vaccine available for Type B (HIB). What organism is it & its virulence factors?

Answer 19

Haemophilus influenzae

Type B polysaccharide capsule, fibriae, IgA proteases, ciliostatic factor

Question 20

this gram negative bacillus causes Pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis and is usually asymptomatic or mild with persistant cough?

Answer 20

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 21

this organism is the #2 cause of pneumonia; primarily in school-age, young adults, military. it is known to cause “walking” peumonia w/Sx of headache, malaise, cough, sometimes chest discomfort; may be scant or no sputum; 1-3wk incubation; 4wk+ Sx. what organism is it & its morphology?

Answer 21

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Atypical, small, no cell wall, poorly staining

Question 22

this is an acid-fast bacilli (mycolic acids and lipids in cell wall impairs staining with aqueous stains), which causes Pulmonary lesions, diseminated to kidney, liver, testes, CNS; 1º infection mild or asymptomatic (possible flu-like); 2º, (clinical disease) major organ involvement, weight loss? what organism is it and what is the disease name?

Answer 22

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Question 23

This organism Initially starts as flu-like; fever, malaise, mild chest discomfort, widened mediastinum on x-ray; on germination lethal toxin produced; 1-6d incubation. spores germinate & produce lethal toxins, is GRAM POSITIVE BACILLUS? what is the disease known as?

Answer 23

Bacillus anthrax (anthracis)

Pulmonary anthrax (& Wool-Sorter’s disease)

Question 24

this organism causes empeyma (30% of emeyma cases), aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, deep wound abcesses, is the most active anaerobe?

Answer 24

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 25

This organism causes pneumonia but the sputum is significantly less, what causes it and what is the name of disease?

Answer 25

Adenovirus (type 37)

Atypical pneumonia