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MAP 2 > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the conducting zone comprised of?

A

Trachea –> terminal bronchioles

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2
Q

What is the respiratory zone composed of?

A

Respiratory bronchioles –>alveolar sac

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3
Q

What is the anatomical dead space?

A

Conducting zone + upper airway

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4
Q

What is the physiological dead space?

A

Alveolar dead space + anatomical dead space

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the lung tissue?

A

Bronchial arteries

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6
Q

What causes constriction of the air tubes through the release of ACh. This increases airway resistance and slows volume of airflow?

A

Parasympathetic innervation

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7
Q

This causes dilation of the air tubes through EPI and NE. Reduces airway resistance and enhances blood flow?

A

Sympathetic nerve

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8
Q

What does intrapulmonary (Palv or Paul) do during inspiration and expiration?

A

Intrapulmonary pressure decrease during inspiration and increased during expiration

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9
Q

What kind of intrapleural pressure must be present to prevent lung collapse?

A

Negate pressure

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10
Q

What is the transpulmonary pressure?

A

Difference between the Palv and Pip

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11
Q

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions?

A

TV (Tidal Volume)

500 ml

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12
Q

Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation?

A

IRV (inspiratory reserve volume)

M-3100 f-1900

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13
Q

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation?

A

ERV (Expiratory reserve volume)

M-1200 f-700

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14
Q

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation?

A

RV (residual volume)

M-1200 f-1100

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15
Q

Maximum amount of air contained in the lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort?

A

TLC (Total lung capacity)
TLC = TV + IRV +ERV + RV
M-6000 f-4200

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16
Q

Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort?

A 
Vital Capacity (VC)
VC = TV + IRV +ERV (should be 80% of TLC)
M-4800 f-3100
17
Q

What are the factors that cause a shift of the curve to the right? (Increase O2 dissociation from Hgb

A
  1. Increase blood acidity
  2. Increase CO2
  3. Increase BPG
  4. Increase blood temperature
18
Q

Factors that cause a shift to the left in the curve (decrease dissociation from Hgb)?

A

Higher pH

19
Q

What is the limiting factor for O2 reactions in the cell?

A

ADP

20
Q

CO2 is transported from tissues to the lungs in what 3 forms?

A
  1. Dissolved in plasma
  2. Carbonic acid
  3. CO2-Hgb
21
Q

What is the formula for the Respiratory Exchange Ration (RER)

A

Rate of CO2 output / rate of O2 uptake
Changes based on fuels used for metabolism
High quotient (>1.0) = increase CO2 (hyperventilation, exhaustive exercise and lipogenesis)

22
Q

Where is the DRG located?

A

Medulla Oblangata

23
Q

What part of respiration does the DRG control?

A

Inspiration (diaphragm and external intercostal mm)

24
Q

Where does the neurons of the DRG lie in?

A

Solitary Nucleus

25
Q

What 2 cranial nerves does the DRG receive sensory info from?

A

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus

26
Q

Where does the pneumotaxic center reside in?

A

Pons

27
Q

This respiratory center sends signals to the DRG and determines the turn off point of the inspiratory ramp?

A 
Pneumotaxic center (pontine respiratory group PRG)
-strong pneumotaxic signal = short lung filling time
28
Q

Where is the ventral respiratory group located (VRG)?

A

Medulla oblangata

29
Q

This respiratory group is normally inactive during quiet breathing but comes in when increased ventilation is necessary and contributes to both inspiration and expiration (diaphragm and abdominal)

A

VRG

30
Q

Do acute or chronic changes to CO2 concentration have a greater afffect on respiratory drive?

A

Acute

31
Q

In order to establish an airway obstruction for asthma, what must the FEV1 be?

A

<80% of predicted

32
Q

In order to establish an airway obstruction for asthma, what must the FEV1/FVC be?

A

<65% of predicted

MAP 2 (1 decks)

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