Pulmonary Flashcards
Normal ratio of AP diameter to transverse diameter
1:2
barrel chest is 1:1
causes of asymmetrical breathing
paralysis of hemi-diaphragm
chest trauma
What do you ask the patient to say to assess tactile fremitus?
99
decreased tactile fremitus indicates
fluid or no air
increased tactile fremitus indicates
consolidation (pneumonia)
what lobe is not housed in the posterior chest?
RML
hearing tracheal breath sounds in areas other than where they belong
bronchophony
“hearing a normal sound in an unusual location
high-pitch wheezes
sibilant
What do you have the pt say to test for egophony?
EE
abnormal sound is “A”
fissure that divides upper and lower portions of each lung
oblique
divides the R lung into upper and middle lobes
lesser horizontal fissure
sudden onset of SOB after a period of sleep
PND
RR < 12
bradypnea
may be neuro of electrolyte disturbance, infection , pain
palpable vibration of the chest wall that results from speech or other verbalizations
tactile fremitus
apnea that occurs on inhalation of irritating vapors
reflex apnea
point at which the second rib articulates with the sternum
angle of Louis
shortness of breath that begins when the patient lies down
orthopnea
shortness of breath that begins when the patient sits upright
platypnea
Order of pulmonary exam:
Inspection
palpation
percussion
auscultation
Where do the inferior borders of the lung generally cross?
6th rib at the MCL
posterior deviation of the spine
kyphosis
ratio of respirations to heartbeats
1:4
irregular breathing with interspersed periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths
Biot
significant disorganization with irregular varying depths of respiration
Ataxic
apnea that occurs after a blow to the head or birth
primary apnea
breathing stops and will not begin spontaneously without resuscitative measures
secondary apnea
breathing deeply
hyperpnea
Ex: exercise & anxiety
lower thorax is drawn in on inspiration and out on expiration
paradoxic breathing
palpable coarse grating vibration on inspiration
pleural friction rub
diaphragmatic excursion distance
3-6 cm
breath sound where I = E
bronchovesicular
breath sound where I > E
vesicular
