Pulmonary Flashcards
What is the function of the lungs
ventilation
-transports o2 into air sac’s and transports co2 from the tissues to the atmosphere
what are the functions of the conducting and respiratory portion of the lungs
conducting: air is just moved through
respiratory: exchange occurs
what is the equation for ventilation?
Ventilation= TV x RR
What happens to TV and RR during exercise
increase
when people have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis what is it called
COPD
COPD is the ____ leading cause of death
4th
over production of mucus causes an occlusion of airways
blue bloaters
chronic bronchitis
destruction of elastic fibers surrounding the alveoli fibers- resulting in barrel chest
Emphysema
what are the causes of emphysema
- smoking
- genetics- hereditary alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
-shortness of breath
-dyspnea on exertion
-orthopnea (only able to breathe in upright position)
-wheezing
-increased respiratory rate
-peripheral cyanosis
-digital clubbing
signs/symptoms of COPD
-pursed lip breathing
-elbow changes
-malaise
-chronic cough
-barrel chest
-weight loss
-use of accessory muscles of respiration
-prolonged expiratory period
signs/symptoms of COPD
will a pt with COPD have an increased or decreased FEV1/FVC ratio
decreased-
what is FEV1/FVC measuring
amount of air forcefully expelled in 1 minute
How do we as PT assess whether the lungs are doing their job?
O2 sat
cyanosis
pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC)
Which assessment is differential to determine if the lungs are doing their job
pulmonary function tests
COPD is a _____ disease which _____
obstructive disease which impedes lung emptying
increased breathing then leads to ______ and _____ tidal volumes
hyperinflation and smaller tidal volumes
what is a normal FVC and FEV1 percentage
80%
what is considered severely impaired FVC % and FEV1 %
FVC: 50% or less
FEV1: 40% or less
Can you improve CV conditioning and ventilatory efficiency in an individual with COPD
yes
Diminished lung volume is an example of what kind of lung disease
restrictive
What are the etiologies for restrictive lung diseases
neuromuscular disorders (DMD, ALS, guilian barre, spinal cord disorders
chest wall disorders
pleural disorders: fibrosis, effusions
what are some pathologies/conditions that affect the pulmonary circulation
body positioning
stenosis of heart valves
congestive heart failure
pulmonary embolus
if oxygen sat is <88% what should you do
provide patient with supplemental oxygen to improve survival and cognition
