pulmonary - 12% Flashcards
what is the MC cause of bronchiolitis
RSV (paramyxovirus)
RF for bronchiolitis
<6mo, exposure to cigarettes, lack of breastfeeding, premature, fall/spring
what does a CXR look like for a pt with bronchiolitis
hyperinflation, peribronchial cuffing
what is the best indicator for bronchiolitis
pulse ox
what is the tx for bronchiolitis
supportive, ribavirin if severe heart/lung dz or immunocompromised.
what is the MC cause of croup
parainfluenza
what age is most prone to getting croup
6mo-6yo
what do you see on XR in pt with croup
steeple sign (subglottic narrowing)
what is mild croup + how do you treat it
no stridor at rest, no RD
cool humidified air, dexamethasone, O2 if sat <92%
what is moderate croup + how do you treat it
stridor at rest, mild retractions
dexamethasone + nebulized epi, observe for 3-4hr s/p
what is severe croup + how do you treat it
stridor at rest, severe retractions
dexamethasone + neb epi + hospitalize
what do you see on CXR in FBA
hyperinflation (Regional)
at what GA do babies start making surfactant?
24-28wks, sufficient at 35
what does a CXR of a pt w hyaline membrane disease look like
ground glass, reticular
air bronchograms
RFs for hyaline membrane disease
caucasian, males, C-section, perinatal infxn, multiple births, maternal DM
pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive
preventing chloride transport –> viscous mucous buildup in lungs, liver, pancreas, reproductive tract, intestines
overview of cystic fibrosis presentation
young, bronchiectasis, pancreatic insufficiency, growth delay, infertility
GI presentation of CF
meconium ileus
pancreatic insufficiency –> steatorrhea, bulky pale/foul-smelling stools, wt loss, vit A/D/E/K deficient, DM, pancreatitis, FTT
pulmonary presentation of CF
recurrent respiratory infections
productive cough, dyspnea, CP, wheeze, chronic sinusitis
other sx of CF
osteopenia, malignancies of GI tract, abnormal sweating (heat exhaustion)
what are the MC pathogens in sputum cx in pt with CF
p. aeru
h. flu
s. aureus
primary test for dx of CF
elevated sweat chloride test
what do you see on CXR in CF
bronchiectasis + hyperinflation
what do the PFTs of a pt w CF look like
obstructive pattern, irreversible
tx of CF
airway clearance- bronchodilators, mucolytics, abx, decongestants
pancreatic enzyme replacement
supplement vitamins (ADEK)
lung + pancreas transplant
