Pulmo

Question 1

Forces in the lungs that tend to collapse the lungs at each instant of respiration

Answer 1

Recoil pressure

Question 2

Extent to which the lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure

Answer 2

Lung compliance

Question 3

The elastic forces of the lung tissue are determnined mainly by these 2 fibers interwoven among the lung parenchyma

Answer 3

Elastin and collagen

Question 4

Tissue elastic forces tending to cause collapse of the air-filled lung represent about how much of the total lung capacity?

Answer 4

1/3

Question 5

Quantitatively, the surface tension of normal fluids lining the alveoli WITH normal amounts of surfactant ranges from

Answer 5

5 and 30 dynes/cm

Question 6

What constitutes vital capacity?

Answer 6

IRV, ERV, and Tidal Volume

Question 6

What constitutes vital capacity?

Answer 6

IRV, ERV, and Tidal Volume

Question 7

Maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible effort

Answer 7

Total lung capacity

Question 8

Extra volume of air that can be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume when the person inspires with full force

Answer 8

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Question 9

Amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is called

Answer 9

Functional Residual Capacity

Question 10

Minute respiratory volume average

Answer 10

6 L/min

Question 11

Normal dead space volume

Answer 11

150 ml

Question 12

When the alveolar dead space is included in the total measurement of dead space, this is called

Answer 12

Physiological dead space

Question 13

Unlike the trachea and bronchi, bronchioles are not prevented from collapsing by the rigidity of their walls, instead, they are kept expanded mainly by

Answer 13

Transpulmonary pressure (same as that of the alveoli)

Question 14

Greatest amount of resistance to airflow occurs where

Answer 14

Large bronchioles and bronchi near the trachea

Question 15

Approximately, how many parallel terminal bronchioles are there?

Answer 15

65,000

Question 16

Epinephrine, because of its greater stimulation of these receptors, cause dilation of the bronchial tree

Answer 16

Beta adrenergic receptors

Question 17

In obstructive diseases such as asthma, administration of this drug that block the effects of acetylcholine can sometimes relax the respiratory passages enough to relieve the obstruction

Answer 17

Atropine

Question 18

This reflex often occurs when microemboli occlude small pulmonary arteries

Answer 18

Bronchiolar constrictor reflex

Question 19

Several substances formed in the lungs are often active in bronchiolar constriction. Two of the most important of these are histamine and

Answer 19

Slow reactive substance of anaphylaxis

Question 20

The entire surface of the respiratory passages is lined with ciliated epithelium, with about how many cilia on each epithelial cell?

Answer 20

200

Question 21

Cilia beat continually at a rate of 10 to 20 times/sec and the direction of their “power stroke” is always towards where?

Answer 21

The pharynx

Question 22

The three distinct normal respiratory functions performed by the nasal cavities, together, are called

Answer 22

The air-conditioning function of the upper respiratory passageways

Question 23

The hairs at the entrance of the nostrils are important for filtering out large particles but a much important way is the removal of particles through THIS PROCESS wherein particles suspended in the air hit many obstructing vanes which ultimately lead to entrapment in mucous coating and being swallowed

Answer 23

Turbulent precipitation

Question 24

Almost no particles larger than 6 micrometers in diameter enter the lungs through the nose, of the remaining particles (between 1-5 micrometers) settle in the smaller bronchioles as a result of this phenomenon

Answer 24

Gravitational precipitation

Question 25

Speech is composed of these two mechanical functions achieved by the larynx and the structures of the mouth, respectively

Answer 25

Phonation and articulation

Question 26

Slips of these muscles in the vocal cords can change the shapes and masses of the vocal cord edges, sharpening them to emit high-pitched sounds and blunting them for the more bass sounds

Answer 26

Thyroarytenoid muscles

Question 27

The three major organs of articulation

Answer 27

Lips, tongue, and soft palate

Question 28

The systolic, diastolic, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure are about how much, respectively?

Answer 28

25, 8, and 15 mm Hg

Question 29

Left atrial pressure can be estimated with moderate accuracy by measuring the so-called

Answer 29

Pulmonary wedge pressure

Question 30

Pressure differences in regional pulmonary blood flow is caused by

Answer 30

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 31

The pulmonary arterial pressure in the uppermost portion of the lung of a standing person is about ____ than the pulmonary arterial pressire at the level pf the heart

Answer 31

15 mm Hg less

Question 32

Which zone has no blood flow during all portions of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 32

Zone 1

Question 33

When a person is lying down, the blood flow in a normal person is which zone

Answer 33

Zone 3

Question 34

When the cardiac output is normal, the time it takes for blood to pass through the pulmonary capillaries is

Answer 34

0.8 seconds

Question 35

Total outward force amounts to

Answer 35

29 mm Hg

Question 36

The pleural space is also called ___ because of its narrowness

Answer 36

Potential space

Question 37

Normal collapse tendency of the lungs

Answer 37

-4 mm Hg

Question 38

The partial pressure of a gas in a solution is determined not only by its concentration but also by its

Answer 38

Solubility coefficient

Question 39

The partial pressure that water molecules exert to escape through the surface is called

Answer 39

Vapor pressure of the water

Question 40

What is the vapor pressure at body temperature?

Answer 40

47 mm Hg

Question 41

Because of the extensiveness of the capillary plexus, the flow of blood in the alveolar wall has been described as

Answer 41

A sheet of flowing blood

Question 42

What is the average diffusing capacity for oxygen under resting conditions?

Answer 42

21 ml/min per mm Hg

Question 43

The two factors that determine the PO2 and PCO2 in the alveoli are the rate of alveolar ventilation and

Answer 43

The rate of transfer of O2 and CO2 through the respiratory membrane

Question 44

When a certain fraction of the venous blood passing through the pulmonary capillaries does not become oxygenated, this fraction is called

Answer 44

Shunted blood

Question 45

The total quantitative amount of shunted blood per minute is called

Answer 45

Physiological shunt

Question 46

The physiological dead space is measured in the clinical pulmonary function laboratory by making appropriate blood and expiratory has measurements and by using this equation

Answer 46

Bohr equation