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Physio Review > Pulmo > Flashcards

Pulmo Flashcards

1
Q

Forces in the lungs that tend to collapse the lungs at each instant of respiration

A

Recoil pressure

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2
Q

Extent to which the lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure

A

Lung compliance

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3
Q

The elastic forces of the lung tissue are determnined mainly by these 2 fibers interwoven among the lung parenchyma

A

Elastin and collagen

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4
Q

Tissue elastic forces tending to cause collapse of the air-filled lung represent about how much of the total lung capacity?

A

1/3

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5
Q

Quantitatively, the surface tension of normal fluids lining the alveoli WITH normal amounts of surfactant ranges from

A

5 and 30 dynes/cm

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6
Q

What constitutes vital capacity?

A

IRV, ERV, and Tidal Volume

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6
Q

What constitutes vital capacity?

A

IRV, ERV, and Tidal Volume

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7
Q

Maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible effort

A

Total lung capacity

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8
Q

Extra volume of air that can be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume when the person inspires with full force

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

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9
Q

Amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration is called

A

Functional Residual Capacity

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10
Q

Minute respiratory volume average

A

6 L/min

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11
Q

Normal dead space volume

A

150 ml

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12
Q

When the alveolar dead space is included in the total measurement of dead space, this is called

A

Physiological dead space

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13
Q

Unlike the trachea and bronchi, bronchioles are not prevented from collapsing by the rigidity of their walls, instead, they are kept expanded mainly by

A

Transpulmonary pressure (same as that of the alveoli)

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14
Q

Greatest amount of resistance to airflow occurs where

A

Large bronchioles and bronchi near the trachea

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15
Q

Approximately, how many parallel terminal bronchioles are there?

A

65,000

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16
Q

Epinephrine, because of its greater stimulation of these receptors, cause dilation of the bronchial tree

A

Beta adrenergic receptors

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17
Q

In obstructive diseases such as asthma, administration of this drug that block the effects of acetylcholine can sometimes relax the respiratory passages enough to relieve the obstruction

A

Atropine

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18
Q

This reflex often occurs when microemboli occlude small pulmonary arteries

A

Bronchiolar constrictor reflex

19
Q

Several substances formed in the lungs are often active in bronchiolar constriction. Two of the most important of these are histamine and

A

Slow reactive substance of anaphylaxis

20
Q

The entire surface of the respiratory passages is lined with ciliated epithelium, with about how many cilia on each epithelial cell?

A

200

21
Q

Cilia beat continually at a rate of 10 to 20 times/sec and the direction of their “power stroke” is always towards where?

A

The pharynx

22
Q

The three distinct normal respiratory functions performed by the nasal cavities, together, are called

A

The air-conditioning function of the upper respiratory passageways

23
Q

The hairs at the entrance of the nostrils are important for filtering out large particles but a much important way is the removal of particles through THIS PROCESS wherein particles suspended in the air hit many obstructing vanes which ultimately lead to entrapment in mucous coating and being swallowed

A

Turbulent precipitation

24
Q

Almost no particles larger than 6 micrometers in diameter enter the lungs through the nose, of the remaining particles (between 1-5 micrometers) settle in the smaller bronchioles as a result of this phenomenon

A

Gravitational precipitation

25
Q

Speech is composed of these two mechanical functions achieved by the larynx and the structures of the mouth, respectively

A

Phonation and articulation

26
Q

Slips of these muscles in the vocal cords can change the shapes and masses of the vocal cord edges, sharpening them to emit high-pitched sounds and blunting them for the more bass sounds

A

Thyroarytenoid muscles

27
Q

The three major organs of articulation

A

Lips, tongue, and soft palate

28
Q

The systolic, diastolic, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure are about how much, respectively?

A

25, 8, and 15 mm Hg

29
Q

Left atrial pressure can be estimated with moderate accuracy by measuring the so-called

A

Pulmonary wedge pressure

30
Q

Pressure differences in regional pulmonary blood flow is caused by

A

Hydrostatic pressure

31
Q

The pulmonary arterial pressure in the uppermost portion of the lung of a standing person is about ____ than the pulmonary arterial pressire at the level pf the heart

A

15 mm Hg less

32
Q

Which zone has no blood flow during all portions of the cardiac cycle?

A

Zone 1

33
Q

When a person is lying down, the blood flow in a normal person is which zone

A

Zone 3

34
Q

When the cardiac output is normal, the time it takes for blood to pass through the pulmonary capillaries is

A

0.8 seconds

35
Q

Total outward force amounts to

A

29 mm Hg

36
Q

The pleural space is also called ___ because of its narrowness

A

Potential space

37
Q

Normal collapse tendency of the lungs

A

-4 mm Hg

38
Q

The partial pressure of a gas in a solution is determined not only by its concentration but also by its

A

Solubility coefficient

39
Q

The partial pressure that water molecules exert to escape through the surface is called

A

Vapor pressure of the water

40
Q

What is the vapor pressure at body temperature?

A

47 mm Hg

41
Q

Because of the extensiveness of the capillary plexus, the flow of blood in the alveolar wall has been described as

A

A sheet of flowing blood

42
Q

What is the average diffusing capacity for oxygen under resting conditions?

A

21 ml/min per mm Hg

43
Q

The two factors that determine the PO2 and PCO2 in the alveoli are the rate of alveolar ventilation and

A

The rate of transfer of O2 and CO2 through the respiratory membrane

44
Q

When a certain fraction of the venous blood passing through the pulmonary capillaries does not become oxygenated, this fraction is called

A

Shunted blood

45
Q

The total quantitative amount of shunted blood per minute is called

A

Physiological shunt

46
Q

The physiological dead space is measured in the clinical pulmonary function laboratory by making appropriate blood and expiratory has measurements and by using this equation

A

Bohr equation

Physio Review (1 decks)

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