Pulm Anatomy; Exam III Flashcards
Costodiaphragmatic recess
-Pocket of air in between the diaphragm and ribcage
R. Lung is larger and heavier
L. Lung is taller
- Superior Lobe
- Middle Lobe
- Inferior lobe
- Oblique fissure
- Horizontal fissure
- Parietal pleura- Connective tissue lining inside of chest
- Visceral pleura- Tissue lining the actual lung
- Bronchopulmonary segments found within each lung. ~10 bronchopulmonary segments in R Lung
- L. Lung- 8 bronchopulmonary segments
Small amount of fluid should be contained w/in the pleural space to allow lungs to slide w/o friction
Diaphragm is anchored into the base of the thorax, connects to lumbar spine
- Central Tendon- heart sits on top
- Indicates where the heart sits on the central tendon- this depresses the diaphragm and causes the L. lung to be taller than the right
3 & 4. Anchoring points of the leaflets/ crus of diaphragm to the lumbar spine
Scalene Muscles:
- Helps stabilize the top of the thorax in position as the diaphragm drops. Fastens to C3-C7 and ribs 1& 2
- Mastoid process of the skull behind the ear
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle: Also stabilizes the thorax (like scalene muscles). Prevents the ribcage from being pulled downward during inspiration
- Connects to the sternum at midline
Muscles Involved in Inspiration
Pectoralis Major & Minor
* Stabilizes the thorax during inspiration under stress
* Minor are located deep to major, connects to top of thorax and shoulder blade
* Tripod position when someone is in distress. Leaning over provides support to the shoulders –> allowing for deeper inspiration
External Intercostal Muscles:
* Located on the outer/superficial portion of the ribcage.
* Pulls the ribcage outward during contraction –> expands the thorax anterior –> facilitates inspiration
Muscles Involved in Expiration
Internal Intercostal Muscles:
* Located deep/inside the ribcage
* Pulls ribcage inward, compresses the thorax, and pulls it midline during contraction –> facilitates forced expiration
* Not used unless breathing at a faster RR than normal
Abdominal Muscles
* Contraction causes the contents of the abdomen to push upward on the diaphragm –> pushing air out (aids with the speed in which we can expire)
-Rectus abdominus
-Oblique
-Transverse abdominus
Pharynx:
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx: Everything below the oropharynx, ending at the larynx
Larynx- portion of the pharynx that attaches to the trachea
- Hyoid Bone
- Laryngeal prominence
- Cricothyroid ligament
- Cricotrachial ligament
- Tracheal cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
- Thyroid cartilage
What is unique about the tongue?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Tongue & floor of mouth- Striated skeletal muscle. When paralyzing a patient and laying them supine, can cause airway obstruction
- Soft palate
- Uvula
- Hyoid bone
- Vestibular fold- vocal cord
- Vocal fold- vocal cord
- Cricoid cartilage
- Epiglottis
- Palatine tonsil
- Pharyngeal tonsil
Functions of vasculature inside the nose?
- Superior Concha
- Middle Concha
- Inferior Concha
- Boney projections inside both sides of the nose
- Porous- Highly vascular
- Catches particles on inspiration
- Heats and humidies air
Internal view of nasal cavity
The shape of the concha causes what? How does inspired air enter?
What view is this image?
Coronal section
- Orbit
- Superior Concha-
- Connected to ethmoid bone (fragile)
- Middle Concha-
-Connected to ethmoid bone (fragile) - Inferior Concha-
- Continuous with hard palate/ roof of mouth projecting off of the maxillary bone
Curved in order to generate turbulence as air is inspired through the nose. Allows for air to run into the walls of the nose –> catching particles
Only works for small molecules (dust, pollen)
50% inspired air enters through the nose, other 50% through the mouth
A: Sinuses
