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SLCH > Public Speaking Exam Prep > Flashcards

Public Speaking Exam Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Rules For Success

A
  1. Be Prompt
  2. Be Prepared
  3. Be Polite
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2
Q

Extensive tension may be caused by…

A

lack of sleep
a poor diet
lack of exercise

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3
Q

*Nervous tension is

A

natures way of making us ALERT

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4
Q

To get rid of nervous tension…

A
  • adopt a success attitude

- take a deep breath before you speech

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5
Q

Signs that you are nervous:

A
  • shaking hands and knees
  • stomach flutters
  • voice gets higher
  • heart rate increases
  • a litte sweat
  • increase breathing rate
  • increase in adrenaline
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6
Q

Good Speaking Stance

A
  • feet planted firmly, shoulder width apart
  • knees slightly bent (but the audience can’t tell)
  • Hands and arms at your sides
  • Head straight, shoulders back
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7
Q

Physical Appearance

A
  • Goal: limited distraction, comfort
  • good to dress up
  • no jackets coats or hats
  • no gum or other objects in mouth
  • not to much jewelry/makeup
  • Watch out for long sleeves, oversized sweaters/sweatshirts
  • dress code
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8
Q

Voice

A

Slightly louder and slower

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9
Q

*Demographic

A

the term used to describe the following traits of an audience:

Age, gender, occupation, education, religion, politics, ethnic/cultural and social/economic

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10
Q

Main Purposes

A

to inform
to persuade
to entertain

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11
Q

Preparation

A
  • analyzing the audience and situation
  • selecting a purpose and a topic
  • researching
  • organizing materials
  • gathering supporting materials
  • preparing visual aids
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12
Q

Good topics

A

appropriate for audience and the occasion

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13
Q

Three Main Parts of a Speech

A

Introduction
Bodyhe
Conclusion

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14
Q

Thesis Statement

A

Sentence that states your point of view about a topic. (Summary of your speech

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15
Q

Goals of an introduction

A

capture the audience

introduce the topic

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16
Q

Speech organization patterns

multiple used per speech

A 
topical/logical order
chronological order
spacial
classification
Problem-Solution (persuasive, Monroe)
Cause and Effect
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17
Q

subordination

A

the term for dividing material into smaller and more specific points on an outline

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18
Q

Goals of Conclusion

A
  • make sure the audience knows your concluding your speech
  • summarizing the main points and ideas
  • leave a strong impression
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19
Q

Support Material

A

information that helps you prove a point

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20
Q

facts

A

information that can be proven true or false

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21
Q

statistics

A

facts (such as numbers) - which must be used carefully

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22
Q

testimony

A

another persons ideas, words or opinions (quoted exactly)

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23
Q

visual aids

A

items that your audience can look at as you are speaking

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24
Q

General purpose

A

(1) to inform, to persuade, or to entertain

(2) not very specific, can lead to a variety of topics

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25
Q

Specific purpose

A

(1) focuses your speech
(2) infinitive phrase, not a sentence
(3) not a question
(4) clear and easy to understand, avoid figurative language
(5) *precise, not too vague or general

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26
Q

Central Idea

A

thesis of speech, main points are listed (same rules for writing as specific purpose, except it’s a sentence)

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27
Q

Main Points

A
  • 2:5

- main focus of your speech

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28
Q

Know the Outline Structure

A

read the handout

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29
Q

Intro and Conclusion are…

A

10% of the speech

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30
Q

Obama’s 5 communication secrets to winning presidency

A

see handout

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31
Q

Ways to start the intro

A
  1. impact
  2. demonstration
  3. mystery
  4. rhetorical question
  5. quote
  6. narrative
  7. sound effect
  8. confusion
  9. riddle/ joke
  10. audience anticipation
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32
Q

impact

A

capture the audience with shocking information

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33
Q

demonstration

A

demonstrating something related to your topic

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34
Q

mystery

A

a series of clues that gradually reveal more about your topic

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35
Q

quote

A

a quote that will provoke you audience to think about the topic

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36
Q

narrative

A

a true or fictional story related to the topic

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37
Q

sound effect

A

use of tools, instruments, or even an mp3 player to attract the audience with interesting sounds which reveal something about the topic

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38
Q

confusion

A

write something which will temporarily confuse, but not lose the audience

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39
Q

riddle/joke

A

starting with a joke or riddle about your topic (not advised for a serious topic

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40
Q

audience participation

A

use of a couple audience members for a demonstration, have the audience answer some questions aloud or write the answers down (ask for a volunteer before hand)

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41
Q

lectern

A

a stand for holding a speaker’s notes, the speaker stands behind
(don’t use if your don’t have a manuscript/outline)

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42
Q

podium

A

a platform that a speaker stands on, helps the audience see the speaker

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43
Q

rules for using a lectern

A 
1- don't touch it
2- dont staple your outline
3- format the outline for easy reading
4-look up and smile
5-you can come around (i.e. when reading excerpts
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44
Q

What makes a good speaker?

see WKST too

A

Good…

  • ideas
  • purpose
  • material
  • consideration
  • delivery
  • control
  • language
  • personality
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45
Q

voice characteristics

A 
articulation
aspiration
pacing 
range
rhythm
tempo
tone
volume
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46
Q

articulation

A

the act of vocal expression; utterance or enunciation

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47
Q

aspiration

A

pronounced with audible breath (sounds like your old)

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48
Q

pacing

A

variation of speed in your delivery

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49
Q

range

A

performers ability to put variety into a performance by adjusting the pitch and placement of the voice to maintain interest

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50
Q

rhythm

A

recurring with measure regularity

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51
Q

tempo

A

the rate of your speech

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52
Q

tone

A

the quality of a person’s voice (i.e. conventional, nervous, arrogant)

53
Q

volume

A

how soft or loud your voice is while speaking; ideally one’s volume should be dynamic

54
Q

Before making notecards you should…

A

make an outline with keywords of phrases

55
Q

How many notecards per a main point?

A

1-2

56
Q

How do you alter you notecards so that it is easier to present?

A
  • make the font bigger
  • break the cards at a logical point in the speech
  • write in delivery notes
57
Q

What size notecards should you use?

A

3x5 or 4x6

58
Q

How do you hold notecards

A

with one hand

59
Q

If there is a lectern do not use…

A

notecards

60
Q

When using notecards…

A

Don’t just read! (50% eye contact)

61
Q

review citations

A

see WKST

62
Q

Rules for Citations

A
  1. give name and date
  2. give title
  3. vary your citation techniques (don’t always say “according to…”)
  4. Don’t use dictionary definitions if you can use other sources
  5. establish credibility of a source (relation to the audience)
63
Q

Faulty methods of persuasion

Logical fallacies

A 
Stereotype
Bandwagon
Name Calling
Testimonial
Red Herring
Either-Or-Thinking
Faulty Cause and Effect
64
Q

Stereotype

A

an overgeneralization that does not account for exceptions (i.e. “all juniors look down on freshmen”)

65
Q

bandwagon

A

a recommendation that someone should do something because everyone else is doing it (i.e. “Thousands have enjoyed these running shoes, and you will too”)

66
Q

name calling

A

criticism of personality or character rather than of ideas (i.e. “what could that back woods bumpkin know about gourmet food? Listen to me instead”)

67
Q

testimonial

A

use of a recommendation by someone who has gained authority in an unrelated field (i.e. “Drink Coca Cola; baseball star Roddy North does.”)

68
Q

red herring

A

an unrelated second issue used to evade the real issue (i.e “Let’s not discuss repairs to the gym; let’s discuss the quality of the team”)

69
Q

Either-or thinking

A

an oversimplification that allows you only two choices (i.e. “if you don’t make a donation, you must not approve of our efforts”)

70
Q

faulty cause and effect

A

a statement asserting a false connection between cause and effect (i.e. “you didn’t do your homework. You are not a conscientious person”)

(jumping to conclusion after something occurs)

71
Q

six parts of the communication model

A 
environment
speaker
listener
message
channel
response
72
Q

4 methods of speaking

A

read
memorized
impromptu
extemporaneous

73
Q

read speech

A

a speech given from a written text, written out word for word

74
Q

Memorized speech

A

delivered from memory without any notes (written out word for word beforehand)

75
Q

impromptu speech

A

delivering a speech or talking without advance warning

76
Q

extemporaneous speech

A

speaking from an outline without having memorized the exact wording of the speech
(requires careful planning ahead of time, “conversational” feel, as you practice you use your notes less and less, doesn’t sound memorized)

77
Q

Four types of interpersonal communication

A

One-to-one
group discussion
public communication
mass communication

78
Q

One to one communication

A

face to face, telephone connection or interviews

79
Q

group discussion

A

3+ people with a common purpose

80
Q

public communication

A

one or more people communicate with an audience… public speaking

81
Q

mass communication

A

one or several senders communicate with a large number of listeners, usually not present

82
Q

6 types of gestures

A 
describing
emphasizing
dividing
locating
approving/rejecting
conventional
83
Q

a describing gesture

A

the round ball

84
Q

an emphasizing gesture

A

use of fist or to point your finger

85
Q

a dividing gesture

A

counting on your fingers or separate into groups

86
Q

a locating gesture

A

point somewhere, stroke chin

87
Q

an approving or rejecting gesture

A

thumbs up or thumbs down

88
Q

conventional

A

OK or stop

89
Q

giving a speech is easy

A

first you tell them what you are going to tell them. Then you tell them. And then you tell them what you told them

90
Q

best way to combat stage fright is

A

to prepare

91
Q

What is in a mini outline?

A

topi, general purpose, specific purpose, central idea

92
Q

Outline must be…

A

typed

93
Q

Proper Outline Symbols

A

I.
A.
1.

94
Q

Every A must have a

A

B

95
Q

Every 1 must have a

A

2

96
Q

All of the main points/ sub points should be the same…

A

type (now word, phrase, sentence)

97
Q

What tension is normal and even good?

A
  • fear of failure

- desire for success

98
Q

Tension is psychological. It causes feelings of

A

inferiority and insecurity

99
Q

psychological state is causing

A

physiological changes

100
Q

Good interviews require you to make

A

an appt. and questions ahead of time

101
Q

advantages of read speeches

A

eloquent language

can be chosen carefully

102
Q

disadvantages of read speeches

A

can seem boring when read
speakers tend not to practice enough
limited eye contact

103
Q

examples of read speeches

A

pres. speeches
new reel
storytellers reading books

104
Q

advantages to memorized speeches

A

lots of eye contact

speaker can mover around easily

105
Q

disadvantages to memorized speeches

A

difficult to memorize
easy to forget parts
delivery can sound boring
difficult to make adjustments mid speech

106
Q

examples of memorized speeches

A

acting
tour guides
motivational speakers

107
Q

advantages of impromptu speeches

A

easy to adjust to audience response

108
Q

Impromptu speech

A 
must organize ideas quickly
focus on main points you want to  make
jot down key words/phrases (if you can)
use examples or personal experiences
keep presentations short
109
Q

disadvantages to impromptu speeches

A

likely to be less organized
choppy delivery
harder to include supporting material

110
Q

examples of impromptu speeches

A

speaking at a public hearing/meeting
presentations for a meeting at work
responding to questions from a teacher
explaining to your parent’s why you are sneaking into the house

111
Q

advantages of extemporaneous speeches

A

well organized and researched

natural feel yet still well prepared

112
Q

disadvantages of extemporaneous speeches

A

takes time to prepare

takes skill to deliver it well

113
Q

extemporaneous speech examples

A

sermon

114
Q

extemporaneous is the best speech for

A

least amount of preparation

115
Q

In an outline at least

A

3 levels need to be used

116
Q

On what level can sentences be written?

A

3rd

117
Q

broken pencil principal

A

you can’t break a pencil (or a main point) into one

118
Q

proxemics

A

how we use space

119
Q

four areas of nonverbal communication

A

appearance
movement
gestures
eye contact (facial expressions)

120
Q

ideal eye contact

A

making each person feel as if you are talking to them

121
Q

facial expressions carry

A

meaning and mood

122
Q

pictorialization

A

gesture that helps paint a picture for the audience

123
Q

condensing gestures

A

take place of words

124
Q

function of gestures

A

to convey feelings
condensing
pictorialization
to carry aid and meaning

125
Q

gestures use

A

arms, hands, head and shoulders

126
Q

characteristics of gestures

A 
natural
definite
complete
creative
properly timed
127
Q

definite gesture

A

showing size number or quality

128
Q

complete gesture

A

you finish it from beginning to end

129
Q

movement pattern

zigzag

A

start: back center
move up to right: during transition
move up to the left: during transition (cont. depending the # of main points)
move up to center for conclusion

SLCH (4 decks)

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