public speaking chapter 1 Flashcards
who found?
Harlem Children’s Zone
what is the Harlem Children’s Zone?
seeks not just to educate children, but to develop a community system that addresses issues such as health care, violence, substance abuse, and job training.
what was ranked first among the skills of college graduates sought by employers?
the ability to communicate effectively
What is Public speaking?
is a way of making your ideas public—of sharing them with other people and of influencing other people.
Why is Public speaking is a vital means of civic engagement?
It is a way to express your ideas and to have an impact on issues that matter in society.
Where was the oldest speech was written on papyrus?
Egypt
In classical Greece and Rome, public speaking played a central role in what two things?
education and civic life
what is considered the most important work on public speaking?
Aristrotle’s Rhetoric.
Roman leader Cicero used his speeches for what?
defend liberty and wrote several works about oratory in general.
How much time does the average adult spend each day talking to other people?
30 percent of her or his waking hours in conversation.
what skills do you develop by talking to people
- Organizing your thoughts logically
- Tailoring your message to your audience.
- Telling a story for maximum impact
- Adapting to listener feedback
How does public speaking differ from daily conversation?
- Public speaking is more highly structured
- Public speaking requires more formal language
- Public speaking requires a different method of delivery
what is stage fright?
Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.
what is adrenaline?
A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.
what is positive nervousness?
Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation
what are the six time-tested ways you can turn your nervousness from a negative force into a positive one?
- Aquiring speaking experience
- prepare, prepare, prepare
- think positively
- use the power of visualization
- Know that the most nervousness is not visible
- Don’t expect perfection
How much time should you devote to preparing your speeches?
A standard rule of thumb is that each minute of speaking time requires one to two hours of preparation time
what is the key to visualization?
creating a vivid mental blueprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speech
what is critical thinking?
Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion
what are the seven elements to speech.
- speaker
- Message
- channel
- listner
- feedback
- Interference
- situation
what is a channel?
The means by which a message is communicated
what is the frame of reference?
The sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.
what is interference?
Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners
what is ethnocentrism?
The belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.
