Public Speaking Flashcards
Public Speaking
is fundamentally an act of communication in which a clearly identified speaker presents a message in a more formal manner than mere conversation to an audience of multiple listeners on an occasion to achieve a specific purpose
purposes/ objective informing, pesuading, entertaining
Communication
Transaction process of sharing meaning with others
you are the _____ who ____ your ideas by organizing and expressing them in a spoken language
sender, encodes
The ______is composed of the ideas you wish to express, such as what your college should do about rising tuition and fees
message
The ___ is the medium used to share a message, such as an in-person or remote Zoom speech
channel
The ____are your classmates who ____ your message by interpreting your spoken words.
recievers, decode
Then there is ____ or any interference with effective transmission and reception of your message
noise
As you give a speech, you receive ____ or responses, mostly nonverbal, from listeners
feedback
Defining communication as a_____ process means that the speaker is both a sender and a receiver, not merely a sender or a receiver. (Listeners are likewise sender-receivers.)
transactional
You develop a ___, an association, with audience members as you present your speech. If they like you, they may listen to you; if they dislike you, they may not.
relationship
there is more to a speech than the ___ of the message
content
___ occurs when both the speaker and receivers have mutual understanding of a message, you will also have to tailor speech sometimes to get audiences to understand the message
shared meaning
Shared meaning in other cultures nonverbally can be problematic
different signals and signs can mean different things in other cultures
________ is engaging in communication with others that is perceived to be both effective and appropriate in a given context
Communication competence
_____ is the degree to which speakers have progressed toward the achievement of their goals
effectiveness
_____ is behavior that is perceived to be legitimate and fits the speaking context
Appropriateness
_____ is the environment in which communication occurs
context
a _____ is a prescription that indicates what behavior is obligated, prohibited or preferred in a given context
rule
A _______ is the ability to perform a communication behavior effectively and repeatedly. Clearly,
communication skill
_____ is receptive accuracy whereby you can detect, decode, and comprehend signals in your social environment
sensitivity
You are____ when you are not cognizant of your communication with others or simply do not care, so no improvement is likely
mindless
______ is a passion for excellence—that is, accepting nothing less than the best that you can be and dedicating yourself to achieving that excellence. To exhibit commitment, attitude is as important as aptitude.
commitment
_____ is a system for judging the moral correctness of human behavior by weighing that behavior against an agreed-upon set of standards that determine right from wrong.
ethics
Ethical standards
Honesty, respect, fairness, choice, responsibility
theft of another ones words
plagarism
stealing portions of someone else’s speech or writings
selective plagarism
—when entire speeches are stolen and presented as one’s own—is far more serious
blatant plagarism
when you put the ideas of someone else in your own words
paraphrase
fear of speaking in public
laliophobia
fear of crowds
demophobia
fear of ridicule
Katagelophobia
receiver centered communication elements
Receiver- focus of verbal messages- presentations
What information does the receiver really need?
How can I focus the information for the receiver?
Does the receiver have preferences/preferred style?
Cultural norms
Multiple (primary/secondary) receivers
speaker objective
Focus change…
Speaker focus, not audience focus
Sample… to inform about…
Tells what the speaker will be doing
Not what the audience will do, say, write, describe
Communication is audience focused!
The audience responds to the message
communcation objective
What the presentation is designed to achieve
Serves as a focus for text/content and visual materials
Helps you to be effective and efficient
Shift from what we as the communicator does to …
An Audience focus
A shift in thinking
Often we think what will I say? Move to an audience focus
What will the audience do, say, write, deliver, etc. after the message
Changes our focus from “us” to the audience
When we define the actions the audience takes…
Our communication is focused on making these actions happen
We speak to make these actions happen
Messages become shorter, more clear, focused
Key element in successful communication
Communication failures-analysis
Included verbal communication (a speech)
Rooted in an unclear communication objective
May be compounded by other issues
the ability to sense, interpret and comprehend messages
receptive accuracy
the process of setting targets for communication , message outreach,
communication objective
casual audience: unexpected listener
The drop- ins
Hear a speaker, stop and listen, leave when get bored or tired, or have adequate info/ experience
Street performers, magicians, politicians, business people speaking at fairs or just on the street
Historical interpreters (Mystic Seaport, Strubridge Village, ect)
Immedaite receiver/ listener connection
Concerned Audience: Eager Listeners
Voluntary.. Listen to ideas and issues
Not committed to a cause or a point of view (unlike committed audience)
Gather info and learn
Includes study groups, book clubs, technical societies, user groups, clubs
Present new ideas/ information in an interesting/ stimulating way
Working to maintain attention
contrary audience: hostile listeners
Never fun… but we may have them
Audience is usually always hostile to your position (usually an issue)
Consider public hearings, school board meetings, town meetings, irate customers, some political events, university forums, speakers
Ambushing
Looking for weaknesses, mistakes, flaws, ect
Hecklers veto
Your demeanor… unconditionally constructive (objective focused)
Prepare for personal attacks, don’t respond in kind
Defuse audience anger.. Don’t unite it against you
committed audience: agreeable listeners
They want to invest their time and energy to listen to the speaker
May be looking for inspiration
May agree with your position and or be interested
Examples: political rallies, social protests, church
Gaining interest…not as difficult
Challenges: inspiring, persuading, empowering, decisive action
Delivering what was expected/ changing expectations
Captive audience: disengaged receivers
Attend because those with greater power (boss/teacher/university) insist
Would rather be anywhere… but listening to your speech/presentation
Challenge.. Gain and maintain attention
WIIFM (whats in it for me)
Help see value
Re- hook reminder WIIFM may be needed
SME
subject matter expert
