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AP Government > Public Policy > Flashcards

Public Policy Flashcards

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1
Q

Purposes of Public Policy

A

Three Purposes:

  • Solving a Social Problem
  • Countering Threats
  • Pursuing An Objective
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2
Q

Issue-Attention Cycle

A

Requires policy makers to act quickly, before the public becomes bored and loses interest

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3
Q

Incrementalism

A

The slow, step-by-step approach to making policy

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4
Q

Agenda Setting

A

Identifies the social and economic problems, redefines them into political issues, and ranks them in order of importance

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5
Q

Policy Formulation/Adoption

A

Can be accomplished through the legislative process in Congress or by using executive orders

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6
Q

Policy Implementation

A

Puts the policy into effect by enforcement through the appropriate government agency

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7
Q

Policy Evaluation

A

Seeing whether or not the policy implemented actually works

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8
Q

Policy Fragmentation

A

Where many pieces of legislation deal with parts of policy problems but never deal with the entire problem

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9
Q

Mixed Economy

A

Both government and private industry play a role in the economy

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10
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

Belief that the government should never become involved in the economy

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11
Q

Keynesian Economics

A

Holds that the government can smooth out business cycles by influencing the amount of income individuals and businesses can spend on goods and services

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12
Q

Deficit Spending

A

Funds raised by borrowing rather than taxation

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13
Q

Supply-Side

A

Argument that the government should cut taxes and spending on domestic programs to stimulate greater production

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14
Q

Reserve Requirement

A

The amount of money banks are required to keep on hand

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15
Q

Discount Rate

A

The interest banks pay to the Federal Reserve Banks for borrowing money

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16
Q

Open Market Operations

A

The Federal Reserve can buy/sell government bonds

17
Q

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

A

Responsible for initiating the budget process

18
Q

House Ways and Means Committee

A

Deals with the taxing aspects of the budget

19
Q

Authorization Committees

A

Decide what programs Congress wants to fund

20
Q

Appropriations Committees

A

Decide how much money to spend for those programs that have been authorized

21
Q

Budget Reform Act of 1974

A

Created the Congressional Budget Office

22
Q

Congressional Budget Office

A

Has budget committees in both houses of Congress that set their own revenue and spending levels

23
Q

1990 Budget Enforcement Act

A

Was an effort to streamline the budget process and make it easier to arrive at a compromise budget

24
Q

Mandatory Spending

A

Spending that is required by law in order to fund programs (Social Security, Entitlement Programs, Medicare)

25
Q

Discretionary Spending

A

Spending that is not required by law to fund programs (Defense, Education, Highways, Research Grants, and Government Operations)

26
Q

Balance of Trade

A

The ratio of imported products to exported products

27
Q

Trade Defecits

A

Occur when imports exceed exports and cause wealth to flow from a nation

28
Q

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

A

Works to lower tariffs and quotas and reduce unfair trade practices (Group evolved into the World Trade Organization (WTO))

29
Q

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

A

United States, Canada, and Mexico effectively removed import tariffs from one another

30
Q

Social Insurance Programs

A

Are national insurance programs into which employers and employees pay taxes

31
Q

Public Assistance Programs

A

Are a result of condition and a government responsibility to help the needy

32
Q

Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA)

A

Help recipients of Social Security maintain the standard of living (Put a strain on Social Security)

33
Q

Medicare

A

Provides government assistance to people older than 65 for health care

34
Q

Medicaid

A

Provides medical and health-related service for low-income parents, children, seniors, and people with disabilities

35
Q

Supplemental Public Assistance Programs (SSI)

A

Help the disable and the aged who are living at or near the poverty level

36
Q

Food Stamps

A

Meant to improve the diet and increase the buying power of the poor

37
Q

Welfare Reform Act (1996)

A

Meant to reduce the number of people living on public assistance (Established TANF, required adults to find work within two years, placed a limit of 5 years to live off of welfare, prohibits illegal immigrants from getting assistance)

38
Q

Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act (Obamacare, 2010)

A

Allows the federal government to fine individuals who do not participate in an insurance program

AP Government (10 decks)

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