PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW Flashcards
PIL: DEF
Law that deals with the conduct of states and of international organizations and with their relations inter se, as well as with some of their relations with persons, whether natural or juridical.
Sources of International Law
Formal sources – concerned with processes by which rules come into existence
Material sources – concerned with substance and content of obligation
Article 38 (1) of the Statute of the ICJ
(INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE)
1) Custom,
2) Treaties, other international agreements,
3) generally recognized principles of law,
4) judicial decisions and
5) teachings of highly qualified and recognized publicists.
Dualism vs. Monism
Dualism – international law and municipal law are essentially different from each other. When international law and municipal law conflict, municipal law must prevail.
Monism – international law and domestic law belong to only one system. 2 monist theories
Modes of Acquisition of Sovereignty over Territory
1) Discovery (Island of Palmas case);
2) Prescription;
3) Cession ;
4) Conquest;
5) Accretion and Avulsion;
- Tobar/ Wilson Doctrine
The doctrine that *recognition of a government should only be granted if that administration came to power by legitimate democratic means
- Dualism
- prioritizes the notions of individual self-determination and sovereignty at the state level.
- Monism-
prioritizes the desirability of a formal international legal order to establish the rule of law among nations,
- Doctrine of Incorporation -
international law is automatically part of a country’s law and does not require legislative action to be applicable
- Doctrine of Transformation-
international law must be transformed into municipal law before it can be applied within a country’s jurisdiction. This process of incorporating international law into domestic law is done through judicial lawmaking.
- Doctrine of effective link-
public international law test that determines if a legal or natural person has a close connection with their home state and can invoke that state’s nationality.
Doctrine of national treatment or equality of treatment
- requires countries to treat foreigners the same as their own citizens
- Doctrine on state responsibility
- a state is liable for breaching its international obligations
- Drago doctrine-
- rejects the right of a country to use military force against another country to collect debts.