PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW Flashcards

1
Q

PIL: DEF

A

Law that deals with the conduct of states and of international organizations and with their relations inter se, as well as with some of their relations with persons, whether natural or juridical.

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2
Q

Sources of International Law

A

Formal sources – concerned with processes by which rules come into existence

Material sources – concerned with substance and content of obligation

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3
Q

Article 38 (1) of the Statute of the ICJ

A
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4
Q

(INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE)

A

1) Custom,

2) Treaties, other international agreements,

3) generally recognized principles of law,

4) judicial decisions and

5) teachings of highly qualified and recognized publicists.

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5
Q

Dualism vs. Monism

A

Dualism – international law and municipal law are essentially different from each other. When international law and municipal law conflict, municipal law must prevail.

Monism – international law and domestic law belong to only one system. 2 monist theories

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6
Q

Modes of Acquisition of Sovereignty over Territory

A

1) Discovery (Island of Palmas case);

2) Prescription;

3) Cession ;

4) Conquest;

5) Accretion and Avulsion;

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7
Q
  1. Tobar/ Wilson Doctrine
A

The doctrine that *recognition of a government should only be granted if that administration came to power by legitimate democratic means

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8
Q
  1. Dualism
A
  • prioritizes the notions of individual self-determination and sovereignty at the state level.
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9
Q
  1. Monism-
A

prioritizes the desirability of a formal international legal order to establish the rule of law among nations,

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10
Q
  1. Doctrine of Incorporation -
A

international law is automatically part of a country’s law and does not require legislative action to be applicable

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11
Q
  1. Doctrine of Transformation-
A

international law must be transformed into municipal law before it can be applied within a country’s jurisdiction. This process of incorporating international law into domestic law is done through judicial lawmaking.

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12
Q
  1. Doctrine of effective link-
A

public international law test that determines if a legal or natural person has a close connection with their home state and can invoke that state’s nationality.

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13
Q

Doctrine of national treatment or equality of treatment

A
  • requires countries to treat foreigners the same as their own citizens
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14
Q
  1. Doctrine on state responsibility
A
  • a state is liable for breaching its international obligations
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15
Q
  1. Drago doctrine-
A
  • rejects the right of a country to use military force against another country to collect debts.
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16
Q

Jus ad bellum -

A

right to war”. It’s the law that governs when states can use armed force or go to war.

17
Q

Jus in bello-

A

defines the responsibilities and conduct of neutral nations, belligerent nations, and individuals involved in armed conflict.

18
Q
  1. Principle of State Consent -
A

governments are obligated to follow only those rules that they have agreed to accept

19
Q
  1. Mutatis Mutandis
A

is used when comparing two or more things to say that the basic point remains the same, even though changes will be necessary to account for different situations

20
Q
  1. Ex aequo et bono -
A

t’s a decisional standard that allows a tribunal to consider a dispute based on what is fair and just, rather than strictly following the rule of law. It’s also known as amiable compositeur.

21
Q
  1. “Forum Prorogatum” -
A

is the establishment of jurisdiction by voluntary submission, which is necessary for the court to be effective. (agreement between partie)

22
Q
  1. Compromis d’arbitrage-
A

is a special agreement between two parties that can lead to international arbitration.

23
Q
  1. “Erga Omnes”-
A

refers to specifically determined obligations that states have towards the international community as a whole.

24
Q
  1. Optional system of submitting to the jurisdiction of ICJ
A

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has an optional clause system that allows states to give the court jurisdiction to settle any future disputes between them.

25
Q

advisory jurisdiction of ICJ

A
  • The ICJ provides non-binding opinions on legal questions at the request of United Nations organs and specialized agencies. Advisory opinions do not adjudicate a specific legal case, but instead advise on the interpretation or constitutionality of a law.
26
Q
  1. Contentious jurisdiction ICJ
A

The ICJ resolves legal disputes between states in accordance with international law. Only states can bring disputes before the ICJ, and the ICJ’s decisions are binding.

27
Q
  1. nulla poena sine lege-
A

one can only be punished for doing something if a penalty for this behavior is fixed in criminal law

28
Q
  1. Nullem crimen sine lege-
A

states that a person shouldn’t be punished for an act unless it was criminalized by law before they committed it.

29
Q
  1. Mutatis mutanda-
A

whilst it may be necessary to make some changes to take account of different situations, the main point remains the same.

30
Q
  1. Hot pursuit
A

s the right of a coastal state to pursue and arrest a foreign ship that has violated its laws and regulations while sailing from its waters to the high seas

31
Q
  1. High seas and six freedoms
A

freedom of navigation, fishing, the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and overflight of aircraft.

32
Q
  1. Exclusive economic Zone or patrimonial sea
A
  • is an area of the ocean that extends 200 nautical miles from a country’s coast, where the coastal country has jurisdiction over all resources.
33
Q
  1. Right of Innocent Passage
A

that allows foreign ships to navigate through another country’s territorial waters without harming the state’s interests. This right applies to all ships, including warships, regardless of cargo, armament, or propulsion

34
Q
  1. Twelve mile rule
A
  • Every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles,
35
Q
  1. Three-mile rule-
A

rule of international law that defines a country’s territorial waters as extending three nautical miles from the low-water mark along the coast. This limit is based on custom and ancient Roman legal theory, and is often referred to as the “cannon shot” rule

36
Q
  1. Cannon shot rule
A

hat states a country has territorial sovereignty over the coastal sea up to three nautical miles (nm) from its land.

37
Q
  1. Res communis -
A

a thing common to all, and that could not be the subject of ownership (water/ air)

38
Q
  1. Usque ad coelum -
A

refers to the idea that the owner of a piece of land also owns the air space above

39
Q
  1. Terra nullius -
A

it refers to a territory that can be inhabited but does not belong to a state, and therefore is not owned by anyone.