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History of Public health > public heath > Flashcards

public heath Flashcards

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1
Q

define public health

A

kepping the gneral population healthy.

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2
Q

give examples of public health

A 
hygiene
hea;th
nhs
sanitation
compulsary vacinations
buliding regulations
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3
Q

why was public heath so bad in 1350?

A

the governmnt was more concerned about trade than cleaning up waste

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4
Q

what were the main causes of disease in 1350?

A 
rats
500%popluation/overcrowding
disobeying of laws
lots of waste
dead animals in streets
squallid/dirty places
no clean toilets
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5
Q

what sollutions were there to help the public health in 1350?

A 
Gong farmers to remove waste, they had a high pay
public toiets/privies/latrines
redirecing the waste
fines for leaving the waste around
bin men/muck rackers
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6
Q

form 1350-1750 how did public health increase/ get better?

A

the aid down water pipes
the rich had personal latrines
there was public baths

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7
Q

in 1350-1750 how was waste delt with?

A

it wasnt, was not delt with properly and left around

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8
Q

why was there no public health decisions made / laws enforced properly in 1350-1750?

A

there was only local kings and lords incharge so there was no unified decisions

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9
Q

what are the sympotoms of the black death?

A

buboes, fever, headache, coughing up blodd, black fingers and toes

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10
Q

how many dies of the black death/

A

2/3 died

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11
Q

what were the two types of plague/

A

Bubonic (flea bite)

pheumonic (air bourne - 100% death rate)

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12
Q

how was the plague delt with?

A

mass graves
increases civil servants/ street sweepers
fines for dumping waste
introduced quarantines

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13
Q

what good came out of the plague?

A

made the link between dirt and disease

started fines for dumping waste

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14
Q

in 1350 what was sewers/waste removal like?

A

open sewers taking away dirt/ waste

people still used rivers to empty chamber pots

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15
Q

in 1650 what was sewers and waste removal like?

A

night soil men took away waste but not every day so it flowed over into water supplies . these were expensive

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16
Q

what changed between 1350 and 1650 in terms of sewers and waste removal, was it any help/ did it get any better ?

A

still the same but the night soil men were inroduced, they did little to help

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17
Q

in 1350 what was street planning like?

A

paving was poor and muddy with open drains. animals did not help . rakers were employed

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18
Q

in 1650 what was street planning like?

A

streets were cobbled but not well
drains blocked.
rackers were more useful now

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19
Q

what changed in terms of street planning between 1350 and 1650, was it any help/ dit it get any better?

A

still similar in terms of drains but the street rackers were better

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20
Q

in 1350 what were public toilets like?

A

some toilets but there was enough

people still used rivers and the street

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21
Q

in 1650 what were public toilets like?

A

still some toilets but the best ones were in taverns

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22
Q

what changed in terms of toilets between 1350 and 1650, was it any help/ did it get any better ?

A

toilets were the same =bad

the streets were still used.

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23
Q

in 1350 what was the water like?

A

water for drinking was carried by rivers and collected in barrels and carried around the streets

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24
Q

in 1650 what was water like?

A

water still infected by the cesspit. now a network of pipes under the city but it went stagnat

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25
Q

what changed in terms of water between 1350 and 1650, was it any help/did it get better?

A

water the same (infected) a new system of piped invented but it was not much help

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26
Q

what was the problem with water suplies?

A

the water was dirty and unclean

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27
Q

what was the sollution made up to clean up the water?

A

lead pipes and water sellers in the streets

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28
Q

what was the effectof inplanting this water sollution/

A

frsh water in north east london but it could not keep ip with the growing population
by 1750 most water was piped by private companies or stad piped

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29
Q

what did edmund colthust do in 1602?

A

artificial river idea, sir hugh middleton payed for it but the idea failed

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30
Q

what was the basis of edmund colthurts artificial river?

A

it used gravity to operate the 38 mile river

31
Q

when was the plague a problem?

A

1665

32
Q

how did they prevent the spread of the plague?

A

cosed theatres and places with large crowds
corts collected bodies and mass graves
whole houses with the plague were shut with a red cross on the door for 28 days

33
Q

why was there so much gin 1650-1850?

A

it was cheap and given as wages.

prices were brought up in 1750

34
Q

when did vaccines bceome compulsary?

A

1852 but enforced striclty in 1871

35
Q

what was the main water suply for london?

A

the river thames

36
Q

why was the quality of towns and cites so bad in th 19th century? buliding wise?

A

there was no building regualions

37
Q

why were peole still disobeying buliding regualtions one they did come out?

A

it was cheaper and quicker to not follow them. more profitable as back to back housing could fit many inside

38
Q

what were livng conditions like in the 19th century?

A

similar to the rensiasnsce and medieval, lots of people little space and lots of waste thingsstarted to change toward the end , very quickly.

39
Q

who was edwin chadwick?

A

he was employed by the royal commission to look at oublic ehalth

40
Q

what were the key ideas ine dwin chadwicks report?

A

disease, poor/poverty were linked
poor live dirtyly and overcrowed, this leads to diseas
sick people became porer

41
Q

what were edwin chadwicks sollutions to the bed oublic health?

A

cut taxes and sae money by…
improving drains and sewers
remove rubbish
provide clean water\appoint medical officers in each area

42
Q

why did the givernment not like edin chadwicks ideas about public health?

A

they had a laissez faire attitide so didnt want to interfere

43
Q

what was the impact of edwin chadwick?

A

he got lots of attentionbut little was donw.he was the comissoner for the public health act and his ideas featured in it.

44
Q

what was the significance of edwin chadwick?

A

short erm not much ahppened but long term he cupled with the germ theor and was very useful

45
Q

what did john snow do?

A

made maps of broad street to show cholera deat. made the link between water and chlorea.

46
Q

what did joh snow do about cholera?

A

removed the handle forma pump and the deaths stopped sowing that the cholera was to do with the water.
he foreced the government to take action

47
Q

what was the great stink?

A

the river tames as all waste was put into it and cesspits overflowed inott. it becames very smelley near parliamnet and they were forced to take action

48
Q

who was joseph bazalgette and what did he want to do?

A

wanted to bulid a sewer system under london

49
Q

how did joseph bazelgettes sewer work?

A

it used natural sloped of london to move eastward. used gravity anda slight gradient to his advantage

50
Q

what did joseph bazalgettes sewers result in?

A

cholera and typiod was gone. the great stink erradicated
mnay lives saves
the sewer are still used today

51
Q

what did the local governemnt to in terms of public health as a result of john snow, the great stink?

A

funded the sewer bulindings

public health act in 1857 (conpulsary action)

52
Q

what had happened to attitudes toward the 1900’s?

A

governemnt left behing laisse faire attitude and took action
made liks between cholera, water, disease and poverty
working class could now vote

53
Q

what was the impact of the working class being able to vote?

A

the government couldnt ignore them now

54
Q

what were the 8 acts/ liberal reforms brought in form 1902-1912?

A 
midwifes act 1902
free school meals 1906
school meical service 1907
births to be recorded 1907
pensions act 1908
back to back houses banned 1909
national insurance act 1911
free medical treatment in schools 1912
55
Q

what was the impact of all the new liberal reforms came out (1902-1912) ?§

A 
better hospital treatment
better diets for children
acurate statisitcs of births
stops old age orkers
better livings conditions
poor could get medical help now
improved standards of health
56
Q

what did the national insurance health act do/help?

A

allowed workers and employers a sickness fund s they coud get free medical care.

57
Q

what were the good/effective parts of public health during the 1930’s?

A 
life expentancy rose
helth inspections for childrne
free milk to poor childrn
vaccinations
new houses built under new regulations
58
Q

what was an bad point of phublic health during the 1930’s?

A

3 millions unemployed

59
Q

why was getting ill sucha wrry for working class families?

A

the could fce big bills and couldnt aford it

60
Q

what was the chain of events after the liberal reforms that lead to the nhs?

A 
liberal refoms
1930's
beverage report
WW2
nhs 1945
61
Q

why did nye bevan feel so passionate about illness and changing the system?

A

he saw it first hand and saw the illness being form a mining family

62
Q

why did the nhs struggle with the demand?

A

so many people can out with illness they had not seen before.
people wanted more than they had.

63
Q

what were the benfits of free health care?

A

infat mortality halfed
infection deaths 80% less
free and accesable to everyone not just the rich

64
Q

what was the beverage report?

A

key ideas for the welfare state, it was the basics of the nhs by nye bevan

65
Q

how did the war push the nhs to happen?

A

they had great casulties and need something new to deal with them all.
they wanted to start a new better future after the war
collective resopnisbilty in the war lead to new attitudes
more were aware of what like was like outside the towns

66
Q

why was the nhs brought in?

A

it was a chain reaction starting with the liberal reforms, then the beverage report then the war

67
Q

what did bevan do to get the nhs in place?

A

he was determined to help and allowed the poor medical help for free this was a big selling point

68
Q

what is the nhs?

A

the national health service. allows the oublic free health service and medical care

69
Q

who opposed the nhs?

A

doctors as they feared losing money
local hospitals didnt want to be run by government
people feared cost for running the scheeme

70
Q

what were the impacts of the nhs for wommen?

A

they became a priority and life expectancy was longer. wommen didnt die in birth as much any more

71
Q

what problems did the nhs face?

A

costs rose quickly
prescriptions had to be brought in
dental charges had to be introduced

72
Q

what was public health like before nye bevan?

A

only the national insurace scheem covered workers not wommen, children or unemployed

73
Q

what factors helped nye bevan in the NHS?

A

he was persuasive
understood toubles ( due to childhood)
became misister of heath in 1945
beverage report gave ideas for the NHS

History of Public health (1 decks)

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