Public Health / PPS

Question 1

PUBLIC HEALTH:

Define “public health”

Answer 1

The science & art of preventing disease, prolonging life and improving health through organised efforts of society

Question 2

EQUALITY & EQUITY:

Define equity

Answer 2

What is fair and just

Question 3

EQUALITY & EQUITY:

Define equality

Answer 3

Having equal shares. This may not always be equitable

Question 4

EQUALITY & EQUITY:

Define horizontal equity

Answer 4

Equal treatment for equal need

Question 5

EQUALITY & EQUITY:

Define vertical equity and give an example

Answer 5

Unequal treatment for unequal need. E.g poorer areas have a need for more services.

E.g common cold and pneumonia need different treatment

Question 6

EQUALITY & EQUITY:

How do you asses equity?

Answer 6

Look at the inequality - discuss if this is equitable

Question 7

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH:

What are the 8 broad determinants of health?

Answer 7

PROGRESS
P - place of residence
R- race
O - occupation
G - gender
R - religion
E - education
S - socioeconomic status
S - social capital

Question 8

DOMAINS OF PUBLIC HEALTH:

What are the 3 domains of public health?

Answer 8

1. Health improvement
2. Health protection
3. Improving services

Question 9

DOMAINS OF PUBLIC HEALTH:

What is health improvement?

Answer 9

Social interventions aimed at
- preventing disease
- promoting health
- reducing inequalities

Question 10

DOMAINS OF PUBLIC HEALTH:

What is health protection?

Answer 10

Measures to control infectious disease and environmental hazards

Question 11

DOMAINS OF PUBLIC HEALTH:

What is improving services?

Answer 11

Organisation and delivery of safe, high quality services

Question 12

DOMAINS OF PUBLIC HEALTH:

What are Maxwell’s Dimensions of the quality of healthcare

Answer 12

3A’s + 3E’s

Acceptability
Accessibility
Appropriateness

Effectiveness
Efficiency
Equity

Question 13

HEALTH CARE EVALUATION:

What are the 3 components of evaluation?

Answer 13

1. Structure
2. Process
3. Outcome

Question 14

HEALTH CARE EVALUATION:

What is structure + give an example

Answer 14

Structure = what is there
E.g. number of hospitals

Question 15

HEALTH CARE EVALUATION:

What is process and give an example

Answer 15

What goes on?
E.g. how many patients are seen

Question 16

HEALTH CARE EVALUATION:

What is outcome and give an example

Answer 16

Quantitate measure of service.
E.g Number of deaths / number of satisfied patients

Question 17

HEALTH CARE EVALUATION:

Give 4 methods for qualitatively assessing healthcare

Answer 17

1. Focus groups
2. Survey
3. Interview
4. Observation

Question 18

HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT:

Define health needs assessment

Answer 18

Systemic approach for reviewing health issues affecting a population. Allows for agreed priorities and resource allocation to improve health and social inequalities.

Question 19

HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT:

Define ‘’need”

Answer 19

Ability to benefit from an intervention

Question 20

HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT:

Define “demand”

Answer 20

What people ask for

Question 21

HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT:

Define supply

Answer 21

What is provided

Question 22

HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT:

Define “health need”

Answer 22

Ability to benefit from an intervention, measured using mortality / morbidity

Question 23

HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT:

Define “health care need”

Answer 23

Need for health care / ability to benefit from healthcare

Question 24

HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT:

Give an example of something that is supplied but not demanded

Answer 24

Routine C-section for women with previous C-section

Question 25

HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT:

Give an example of something that is supplied and demanded but not needed

Answer 25

Antibiotics for mild infection