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public health > public health objectives > Flashcards

public health objectives Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Gov in PH

A

protect health, safety, welfare

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2
Q

Public Health Definition

A

to fulfill society’s interest in assuring conditions for people to be health

science and art of preventing disease, prolongining life, promotiong health through oganized efforts and informed choices of socierty, organizations, communities, and inficidualds

WITHIN GROUPS

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3
Q

distinction from rest of health care system

A

primary emphasis is to PREVENT disease

POPULATION vs individual focus

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4
Q

core functions

A

assessment, policy development, assurance

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5
Q

case study

A

design to form hypothesis based on cases

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6
Q

descriptive study

A

case series, reports, outcomes, cant test hypothesis

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7
Q

analytical study

A

aim to ID subpopulations, compare outcomes

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8
Q

experimental study

A

treatment and exposure in a controlled enviro

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9
Q

incidence

A

FREQUENCY of event in a population over time

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10
Q

prevalence

A

number or PROPORTION of cases in a given population

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11
Q

observational epidemiology

A

natural progression to track source, distribution control

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12
Q

experimental epidemiology

A

intervene on natural occurence to see cause and effect

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13
Q

goal of infant screening

A

encourage uniform screening for 32 specific conditions in the period of time when dz is not clinically detected. test with sensitivity and specificity

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14
Q

conditions tested in infant screening

A

organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, endocrine, mercury

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15
Q

criteria for infant screening

A

specific/sensitive test available. health outcomes well understood. available and effective tx available. identification of condition may affect future reproductive decisions of family.

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16
Q

propionic acidemia

A

cant process 4 aa in proteinous food,may progress, may have some mental impairment. dietary control to avoid metabolic crisis

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17
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

sickle cells block blood flow- pain, organ damage, risk of infx

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18
Q

tyrosinemia

A

deficiency of enzyme to break tyrosine- build up in tissues and organs

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19
Q

blood spot screening

A

blood test for sickle cell dz, cystic fibrosis, congenital hypothyroidism, metabolic dz

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20
Q

sensitivity

A

how often will the test be positive?

true pos / false pos + true neg

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21
Q

specificity

A

how often will the test be negative?

true neg / true pos + false neg

22
Q

causes of food borne illness

A

31 pathogens + unspecified agents

23
Q

which pathogen causes the most FBI?

A

norovirus

24
Q

which pathogen causes the most death from FBI?

A

salmonella

25
Q

is it more likely to die from a known pathogen or unspecified agent?

A

unspecified agent

26
Q

Listera

A

from deli meats, cheese

fever, confusion, 21% fatality

27
Q

Norwalk/Norovirus

A

from produce, shellfish, feces

diarrhea, vomiting, nausea

28
Q

case fatality rate

A

proportion of deaths within a population of cases

29
Q

epidemic curve

A

display of onset of illness among cases associated with an outbreak

30
Q

passive surveillance

A

gathers data from all reporting health care workers

31
Q

active surveillance

A

provide stimulus for workers to report their data- ex. feedback, incentive, or monitor reporting

32
Q

endemic

A

dz is regularly found within the group

33
Q

epidemic

A

widespread infectious disease within a group

34
Q

pandemic

A

worldwide epidemic

35
Q

reportable disease

A

challenges survellnce- need medical care, stool analysis, clinical lab work

conducted by FoodNet??

36
Q

what are the top 5 pathogens responsible for FBI?

A 
norovirus
salmonella
clostridium
campulobacter
staph
37
Q

psychrophile

A

resistant to cold

38
Q

mesophile

A

most human dz. found in beer, cheese..

39
Q

thermophiles

A

resistant to heat

40
Q

hyperthermophile

A

very hot

41
Q

sterilization

A

destruction of all microrgs/viruses

42
Q

disinfection

A

destruction of most microrgs on NONLIVING tissues

43
Q

antiseptic

A

disinfection with less strength- on living tissue

44
Q

degerm

A

mechanically remove microbes

45
Q

sanitization

A

public health dtandard to remove pathogens. varies among government jurisdiction

46
Q

What’s the deal with SPROUTS?

A

their production requires seed germination, makign them ideal for bacterial growth

47
Q

chemical disinfection

A

20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite

48
Q

physical disinfection

A

high heat (90C 90sec) and high pressure (500-600 hPa 2min)

49
Q

irridation

A

electron beams penetrate thin layer
gamma rays from Cobalt and Cesium
Xrays by reflecting hi energy stream of electrons

50
Q

foods approved for irridation

A

beef and pork, crustaceans, fresh fruit/veg, lettuce, spinahc, mollusks, shellfish, poultry, seeds, spices

51
Q

concerns?

A

cell changes, low dose daily consumption..

public health (1 decks)

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