Public Health & Nursing Practice Flashcards
What is public health
Society collectively assures conditions in which people can be healthy.
What is public health nursing
Developing interventions for individuals, populations, & communities (local & global perspective)
- PHN focuses on the entire ___________ health
Population
- PHN reflects the communities ___________ and ___________.
priorities
needs
- PHN establishes caring relationships with communities, ____________, , individuals & ___________.
systems
families
- PHN is grounded in social justice, __________, sensitivity to diversity & ___________ for the worth of all people, especially the ______________.
compassion
respect
vulnerable
- PHN encompasses ___________, _________, _________, __________, social & environmental aspects of health.
physical emotional mental spiritual (PEMS)
- PHN promotes health through strategies driven by ______________ evidence.
epidemiological
- PHN collaborates with _____________ resources to achieve those strategies BUT can & will work __________ if necessary.
community
alone
- PHN derives its authority for ____________ action from the N___ P ____ A ____
independent
Nurse Practice ACt
Principles of PHN
- Population= client or “unit of care”
- Primary obligation= achieve the greatest good for the greatest # of people or population as a whole.
- Processes used= working w/ clients as equal partners
- Priority= primary prevention activities
- Focus= selecting strategies that create healthy environmental, social & economic conditions (population thrives)
- Obligation=identify & reach out to all who might benefit from a specific activity/service.
- Key element of practice=optimal use of available resources to assure the best overall improvement of the health population.
- Collaboration= professions, populations, organizations & stakeholders to promote/protect health of the people.
3 core functions of public health
Assessment
Policy development
Assurance
-Systematic data collection, analysis, &
monitoring of health problems/populations
Assessment
- Using scientific knowledge to develop comprehensive public health policies.
- Developing policies that support the health of the population through leadership &research
Policy development
-Assuring constituents that public health agencies provide the services necessary to achieve agreed-upon goals
Assurance
A collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common
Population
Examples of personal/environmental characteristics
- All families of newborn infants
- All older adults @ risk for falls
- Everyone who drinks well water
- All children @ risk for vaccine-preventable diseases
- All adolescents @ risk for depression
10 essentials services of public health
- Assess/monitor population status, influential factors & the community needs/assets of health
- Investigate/diagnose/address population health problems & hazards
- Inform/educate/empower people about health & factors
- Mobilize/strengthen/support community partnerships to improve health
- Develop/promote/implement policies, plans & laws that protect health
- Enforce laws to protect the public health
- Link to/provide care for health that is easily accessible
- Build/support a diverse & competent public health workforce
- Improve/innovate public health through evaluation, research & continuous quality of improvement
- Build/maintain strong organizational infrastructure for public health
Care that goes beyond the individual that aims to improve the health of aggregates (data not limited to one patient), populations, & communities
Population focused care
Socio-ecological Model
- Individual= sleep/circadian health interventions
- Sociodemographic= age, race, sex, ethnicity (sensitive interventions)
- Interpersonal= family & group based interventions
- Community & policy= community, religious, employment & HC systems (aka environment)
- Society= public policy, cultural leadership, regulations/incentives
i.e. socioecological model (lifestyle)
Health behaviors, Cognitive load, Perspective & Spirituality
Individual
i.e. socioecological model (individual determinants)
Genetics, Age, Past education
Sociodemographic
i.e. socioecological model (social determinants)
Responsibilities, Martial status, Social support, Socioeconomic status, Social engagement, Minority Status
Interpersonal
i.e. socioecological model (human-moderated environment)
Transit, Walkability, Available services, HC access, Public policies
Community & Policy
i.e. socioecological model (natural environment)
Available resources or weather
Society
________ approach happens before disease sets in
Upstream
________ approach happens after the disease sets in
Downstream
Strategies= improve community conditions Tactics= Social relations, neighborhoods and communities, institutions, and social and economic policies
i.e. upstream approach (always includes environment)
potable water & sanitation, affordable
& clean energy, climate action, life below
water, & life on land
Strategies= providing clinical care Tactics= medical interventions
*focuses on biological and behavioral bases for disease
i.e. downstream approach (does not include environment)
Obesity nutrition teaching & portion control
(downstream isn’t thinking about access to food or things like are there food deserts)
Measurable public health objectives (10 yr span)
Vision= all people achieve the fullest potential of health/well-being across the lifespan
Mission= promote/evaluate the nation’s efforts to improve the health/well-being of its people
Healthy People 2030
What are the 3 levels of prevention
Primary, secondary & tertiary
Education or making laws is what level of prevention?
Primary
Measures that actively promote health, prevent illness and provide protection
Support groups and rehabilitation is what level of prevention?
Tertiary
Reduce impairments and disabilities, minimize suffering, promote adjustment to immediate condition
early detection screenings or preventing progression is what level of prevention?
Secondary
Identifies risks or hazards and modifies, removes, or treats them before a problem becomes more serious
