Public Health Frameworks Flashcards
Give examples of public health in Singapore
- reduce tobacco use
- protect people from communicable diseases
- provide healthier food options
- ensure access to safe drinking water
- provide women with cancer screenings
- encourage healthy lifestyles to reduce risk of non-communicable diseases
- promote on-the-job health and safety
- advocate mental wellness
What are the 4 stages of the public health approach?
- what is the problem – monitoring and surveillance
- what are the causes – identify risk and protective factors
- what works and for whom – develop and evaluate interventions
- scaling up and effective policy and programmes – implementation
To identify why there is a problem, what must be determined?
- preventable or not
- controllable or not
- priority
What does the potential for prevention or control require?
- a strategy/method
- a champion
- funding
How are the programme results evaluated?
- did the strategy work as intended?
- were the results expected?
- if yes, can you expand or replicate the programme?
- if no, do you abandon or revise and try again?
What is health?
a state of complete, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What can health be a combination of?
internal (individual genetic) and external (environmental) factors
What are social determinants of health?
circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, as well as the systems put in place to deal with illness
What do social determinants of health have a significant impact on?
- predisposition of individuals and groups to illness
- the way they experience and recover from illness
What is the socio-ecological model of health?
a theoretical framework that states that health is affected by the interaction between the characteristics of the individual, the community and the environment
What are the 5 components of the socio-ecological model?
- individual
- interpersonal
- institutional
- community
- policy
Give examples of individual factors of the socio-ecological model
- age, sex, genes
- ethnicity
- socioeconomic status (SES)
- individual knowledge, attitudes and beliefs
Give examples of interpersonal factors of the socio-ecological model
- family
- peers
- social networks/associations
Give examples of institutional factors of the socio-ecological model
- access to facilities, goods and services within organisations or institutions
- living/working conditions
- structural factors
- institutional regulations/policies
Give examples of community factors of the socio-ecological model
- access to facilities, goods and services (transportation, availability of resources)
- healthcare (availability of healthcare providers, quality of care)
- community education
- safety
- sanitation
- spaces (recreational, public spaces)
- sociocultural norms, values
- economic, political influences
Give examples of policy factors of the socio-ecological model
policies and laws
