PUBLIC HEALTH DISEASES Flashcards
An infection disease affecting the lungs caused by Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis
Causative agent for TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What are the types of TB?
Latent and Active TB
Which organ is primarily affected by tuberculosis
Lungs
How is tuberculosis most commonly spread?
Through airborne droplets from coughs or sneezes
What is the typical treatment for tuberculosis?
Antibiotics
It is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus maintained in
nature by a variety of animal reservoirs
Rabies
The most common mode of transmission is through bites from infected animals,
particularly dogs, bats, raccoons, and foxes.
Animal bite
Fatal within a few weeks to months after symptoms appear
Coma and death
As the disease progresses, _________ appear, including anxiety, confusion,
agitation, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), and paralysis
Acute stage
Early symptoms may include fever, HA, fatigue, and discomfort at the site of the bite
Prodromal stage
Measles is also known as
Rubeola
When was the first vaccine of measles introduced?
1963
What genus does the measles virus belong to?
Morbillivirus
What is the clinical sign appears in the oral mucosa 1-2 days before the rash in
measles patients?
Koplik Spots
At what age is the first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
vaccine typically administered?
12-15 months
What is the primary cause of chickenpox?
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Which of the following is a key method of preventing chickenpox?
Varicella vaccination
Which symptom often appears first with chickenpox?
Fever
What helps relieve itching in chickenpox patients?
Antihistamines
Which hygiene practice helps prevent the spread of chickenpox?
Washing hands frequently
Which serious complication is associated with mumps in post-pubertal males?
Orchitis
How many different bacteria, viruses and parasites are known to be transmitted through sexual contact
More than 30
It is defined as the late stage of Human immunodeficiency virus?
AIDS
What kind of therapy is used to delay and prevent AIDS
Antiretroviral therapy
How many new HIV infections where recorded in 2022
38 Million
What is the most affected region by HIV
Sub-Saharan Africa
Characterize by inflammation of the uveal tract?
Uveitis
Defined as the inflammation of the liver caused by viral infections can be also be triggered by toxins, alcohol, medications, and autoimmune disease?
Hepatitis
How Long is the incubation period for Hepatitis A
15-50 days
How Long is the incubation period for Hepatitis B
45-160 days
It is a painful, peripheral corneal ulcer, which may be more common in hepatitis C
Mooren’s ulcer
It also know as the clap?
Gonorrhea
They are usually asymptomatic
Women
Gonorrhea can Increase the risk of what?
HIV
Disease caused y the bacterium treponema pallidum
Syphilis
What is the name of the organ that produces insulin?
Pancreas
What is the most common type of diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
What is the name of the test that reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months?
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)
What is a common symptom of diabetes?
Blurred vision
Which type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood?
Type 1 Diabetes
Give 2 clinical manifestations of anemia
Fatigue, Pallor, Dyspnea, Tachycardia, Dizziness
A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and tissue damage across
multiple organ systems, including skin, joints, kidneys, and the central nervous system
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
What is the classic feature of lupus which has a red, butterfly-shaped rash that appears across the cheeks and the bridge of the nose?
Butterfly Rash
This is described as circular, scaly patches of skin, typically on the face, scalp, or ears
Discoid Rash
A clinical manifestation of lupus characterized by hair loss that occurs in patches (often on
the scalp) due to inflammation of the hair follicles
Alopecia
The most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis
Viral Conjunctivitis
Type of discharge secreted by Allergic Conjunctivitis
Watery discharge
Sexually transmitted disorder that may cause conjunctivitis, except
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Allergic conjunctivitis may manifest as redness on the tarsal conjunctiva with the presence of
the fine excrescences which are called?
Papillae
Less common causative agent of bacterial conjunctivitis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What are the three types of Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis
Epithelial, Stromal, Endothelial
Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for the reactivation of Herpes Simplex
Virus (HSV) keratitis
High carbohydrate diet
What is an inflammatory condition affecting the uvea, the middle layer of the eye?
Uveitis
This affects the front of the eye, including the area between the cornea and iris, as well as
the ciliary body. It is the most common form
Anterior Uveitis
Conditions like sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or Crohn’s disease
Autoimmune or Inflammatory Disorders
Such as cat-scratch disease, herpes zoster, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, or tuberculosis
Infections
An inflammatory disease affecting the spine, with uveitis being a common complication
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Refer to any objects in the eye that are not meant to be there
Foreign Bodies
