Public Health Flashcards
Define epidemiology
The study of frequency, distribution and determinants of disease and risk of disease in a population
Define risk factors
attributes or exposure that is associated with an increased risk of disease- it cane be modifiable or not
What is incidence rate defined as?
The number of new cases of a particular disease, arising within a population over a set period of time:
Incidence rate= no of new cases occurring in population during specific time / no of persons exposed to risk of developing the disease over that time
What is prevalence rate defined as?
The number of cases already present in the population at a particular point in time or over a specified time
Prevalence rate= no of cases present in population at specified time/ no of persons at risk of having disease at that time
What does a high incidence suggest?
A disease is common
What does a high incidence and low prevalence suggest?
A disease is common but there is a high mortality or it resolves quickly
What does a high incidence and prevalence suggest?
A common, chronic disease
Define sensitivity and equation?
how well the test detects having the disease
= no of results where disease is detected in those with disease/ no of people with the disease
x100
BASICALLY % PEOPLE WITH THE DISEASE THAT ARE BEING PICKED UP. A HIGH PERCENTAGE SUGGESTS ALL PEOPLE WITH THE DISEASE ARE BEING PICKED UP.
Define specificity and equation?
how well the test detects not having the disease
= no of normal results where disease is not detected/ no of people without the disease
x100
BASICALLY THE % OF PEOPLE WHO ARE CORRECTLY BEING TOLD THEY DON’T HAVE THE DISEASE. A HIGH PERCENTAGE SUGGESTS THAT ALL PEOPLE WHO ARE GIVEN A NEGATIVE DONT HAVE THE DISEASE.
Define positive predictive value and equation?
how reliable the test is at showing disease is there
= no of people with positive result actually with the disease/ no of people who get the positive result
x100
BASICALLY THE % OF PEOPLE WITH A POSITIVE RESULT AND THE DISEASE. A HIGH VALUE SUGGESTS THAT THERE ARE NOT MANY PEOPLE SITTING WORRYING ABOUT ABNORMAL RESULT WHO ARE ACTUALLY FINE.
Define negative predictive value and equation?
how reliable the test is at showing disease isn’t there
= no of people with a negative result and no disease/ no of people with a negative result
x100
BASICALLY THE % OF PEOPLE WITH A NEGATIVE RESULT AND NO DISEASE. A HIGH VALUE SUGGESTS THAT THERE ARE NOT MANY SICK PEOPLE THAT ARE MISSED ON SCREENING.
