Public Health Flashcards
public health is not
heath care in the public sector or really heath care at all
what are the key roles for public health
assessment
assurance
policy development
10 essential services that public health encompasses
monitor health status to identify problems
diagnosis and investigate problems and hazards
inform educate and empower people
mobilize partnerships
develop policies and plans
enforce laws and regulations
link people to services and assure care
assure competent public health and healthcare workforces
evaluate effectiveness
research
3 core public health services
environmental health
disease control
health eduction and promotions which is best done through policy
how do we build walls to prevent infectious diseases from spreading in the public
isolate
treat the cases to render them noninfectious
treat contacts to cut off incubating disease
behavior change
immunizations
render the environment less able to facilitate transmission (sanitary conditions)
policy decisions that limit the facilitation of transmission (access to health care)
trends in infectious disease mortality since 1900
all causes and infectious disease causes have gone down since 1900s
noninfectious causes have gone slightly up, but remain relatively constant since 1900
Trends in Mortality due to Drug Resistant Pathogens since 1980
has gone down and up hovering around a 4.0 Mortality rate per 100000 populations
clostridium difficilie has seen a hung increase since 200 to 2015
Trends in Mortality due to Vaccine-preventable Diseases since 1980
has gone down since 1980
Trends in Mortality due to Vector-bone diseases since 1980
follow the trend of the west nile virus
how many reportable diseases are their in AZ
over 80
top reportable diseases
chlamydia, gonorrhea, and valley fever
followed by MRSA
first and second degree syphilis are also important reportable diseases
building walls for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis
typical means to build walls is to treat people making them noninfectious and to treat contacts to cut off incubating the disease
-treating them and partners
STD/HIV cases have all
increased
in 2016 all but HIV are above the four year average.
as of 2018 STD cases had continued to surge in which counties
Maricopa and Pinal counties
The number of newly diagnosed cases Chlamydia in Maricopa County have risen over ____% since ____
over 104% since 2004
Newly diagnosed cases of gonorrhea have also increased dramatically since 2010
For more than a dozen years rates of _______ steadily declined until 2010. Since then rates have increased by ____%.
For more than a dozen years rates of gonorrhea steadily declined until 2010. Since then rates have increased by 139%.
The number of newly diagnosed ______ cases in Maricopa County have risen 112% since 2013.
syphilis
Despite the all time high in syphilis rates in 2016 of 33/100,000 and a three year increase of 94%, high variability in yearly rates have lead to
no change in rates of syphilis since 2000.
Newly diagnosed cases of syphilis in 2016 is a much ‘older’ disease for
males than for females
Newly diagnosed cases of HIV has slightly increased while _____ have significantly decreased since 2010
AIDS
Dual infections of _____ and ______are a growing problem in Maricopa County, since 2011 an average of 33.2%
HIV and Syphilis
chlamydia facts
75% women are asymptomatic
10-40% of untreated cases will result in PID
a percentage of these will be hospitalized and experience infertility
how do we reduce the cost of PID hospitalizations?
because so many women are asymptomatic and don’t know they are infected, which can lead to PID hospitalizations if untreated then we need investigators to do gonorrhea and chlamydia interviews, this in the long run would save the tax payers money but it cost money upfront to pay the 60. investigators needed for the interviews
as of 2015 we have about 19 investigators
we could save about 5 millions dollars by hiring more investigators
funding for the Maricopa county health department has not increased since
2015
what does cocoon newborns mean
vaccinating all other in the household before the child goes home
Tdap vaccines
Tdap and pregnant moms
we now vaccinate all pregnant moms at the right tie every time
effects of influenza
days off for illness
hospitalizations
deaths
costs
the flu vaccine is recommended for
everyone
only noted side effect from flu shot
arm soreness
kids as vectors
attack rates are the highest in children
viral shedding is longer in children, 10 days or more compared for 6 days in adults
viral shedding also starts earlier, up to 6 days before symptoms begin
what group of people are the main disseminators of the flu
children
mass influenza vaccination of children in Japan reduced
overall pneumonia and influenza deaths
if ____% of school children are vaccinated then there is a ___% decrease in flu for everyone else
80, 90
this saves 140 million for a 7 million dollar investment
1 in 7 children in Maricopa country are ____, compared to 1 in 4 adults
obese
by 2030 ___ of Arizonians will be obese
59%
this has a dramatic effects on the cost of healthcare due to the large amount of healthcare problems experienced by people that are overweight
policy and system changes can occur in what settings
schools, workplaces, daycares, healthcare, community
this is passive chronic disease prevention
behavior change examples
teach people to eat better, tell kids to get active, encourage biking and walking, warn again 2nd hand smoke
policy change examples
make healthy food available
open school playgrounds
create bike paths and sidewalks
create come free workplaces
