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Phase 2 > Public Health > Flashcards

Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

Define mental health

A

A state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope w normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to community

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2
Q

What can affect mental health?

A

Gender
Race
Religion
Social class
etc

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3
Q

What are some specific mental health problems in doctors?

A

↑ Suicide rates
↑ Marital dysfunction and divorce
↑ Drug and alcohol problems

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4
Q

State some symptoms of burnout

A

Diminished personal contact
Work avoidance
Increased minor illness
Fatigue

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5
Q

State 4 general categories of health influences

A

Biological
Personal lifestyle
Health services
The physical and social environment

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6
Q

What does the Black Report 1980 show?

A

Confirms social class health inequalities in overall mortality
Also confirms health inequalities are widening

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7
Q

What mechanisms explain the Black Report 1980?

A

Artefact
Social selection
Behaviour
Material circumstance

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8
Q

What does Friedman and Rosenman 1959 describe?

A

Coronary prone behaviours

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9
Q

What does the Acheson Report 1988 show?

A

That mortality has decreased in the last 50 years but inequalities remain or have widened

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10
Q

Describe lifecourse theory of causation
Give examples

A

Critical periods have bigger impact in life course e.g. measles during pregnancy

Accumulation - hazards and impacts add up e.g. hard blue-collar work

Interactions and pathways

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10
Q

Name the 3 theories of causation

A
  1. Lifecourse
  2. Psychosocial
  3. Materialist
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10
Q

Recommendations after the Acheson Report 1988

A

Evaluate all policies likely to affect health (in terms of impact on inequality)
Prioritise health of families w/ children
Gov should ↓ income inequalities and improve living condition in poorer households

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11
Q

Describe psychosocial theory of causation

A

Social inequality may affect how people feel
In turn, affects body chemistry
Focuses on the individual

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11
Q

Describe materialist theory of causation

A

Poverty exposes people to more health hazards
Disadvantaged people are more likely to live in areas exposed to harm e.g. damp, pollution

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12
Q

If you are acting in the patient’s best interests (bc they are incompetent), what do you need to consider?

A

Whether Px may soon regain capacity
Patient’s past/present wishes
Patient’s beliefs and values
Consult with anyone applicable

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12
Q

What’s a consequence of improperly informed consent?

A

Potential negligence claim

12
Q

What do you do if a patient if incompetent and ∴ cannot consent?

A

Check whether there is someone else that can make a decision
Act in the Px best interests

12
Q

Describe the conditions of consent

A

Voluntary
Informed
Made by someone w capacity

12
Q

Describe a patient that does not have capacity to consent

A

Does not understand the relevant information
Cannot retain the info
Can’t use/weight the info to make a decision
Can’t communicate the decision

12
Q

Dive examples of psychosocial RFs for CHD

A

Behaviour trait
Depression/anxiety
Work
Social support

12
Q

Give examples of clinical RFs for CHD

A

HTN
Lipids
DM

13
Q

Describe Coronary prone behaviours

A

Competitive, hostile, impatient
Type A behaviour

14
Q

How would you assess Type A behaviour?

A

with MMPI

15
Q

How do you verify death?

A

No heart sounds or carotid pulse for 1 min
No breath sounds or resp effort for 1 min
No response to painful stimuli
Pupils are fixed and dilated

16
Q

What did Whitehall I study investigate?

A

Male british civil servants over 10 year period
Men in lowest grade higher mortality than in highest grade
3x mortality rate from ALL causes

17
Q

What did Whitehall II study investigate?

A

10 000 civil servants
Employment grade was strongly assoc with work control and demands

18
Q

What can doctors do to reduce negative influences on CHD?

A

Observe behaviour patterns
Identify signs of depression/anxiety
Ask Pxs Qs from assessment tools, about job and support
Liaise w relevant services

19
Q

Describe absolutist explanations for psychosocial influences on CHD

A

About poverty
Absolute measures of socioeconomic deprivation

20
Q

Describe relativist explanations for psychosocial influences on CHD

A

About relative differences
Larger relative difference means poorer outcomes for those worse off

21
Q

What % of people die in hospital?

A

~ 60%

22
Q

Define palliative care

A

Improves QoL of patients & family who face life-threatening illness.
Provides pain and symptom relief, spiritual and psychological support from diagnosis
Till end of life and bereavement

23
Q

Name some providers of specialist palliative care

A

Palliative med consultants
Clinical nurse specialist (e.g. Macmillan nurses)
Social workers
Chaplains
Physios
Dieticians

24
Q

What are the aims of palliative care?

A

Promote QoL, dignity and autonomy
Control disease symptoms

25
Q

Units in a drink =

A

( % ABV x vol ml) / 1000

Phase 2 (24 decks)

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