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Phase 3A Revision > Public Health > Flashcards

Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 domains of the health belief model?

A

Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits
Perceived barriers

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2
Q

What are the stages of change/trans-theoretical model?

A

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse

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3
Q

What 3 factors influence an individual’s intention to change their behaviour (Theory of Planned Behaviour)?

A

Attitudes towards the behaviour
Subjective norm
Perceived behavioural control (internal and external factors that can influence perception)

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4
Q

What are the three domains of public health?

A

Health promotion = Societal interventions aimed at preventing disease
Health protection = Measures to control infectious disease
Improving health services = Organisation and safe delivery of high quality services

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5
Q

What is equity?

A

Healthcare is delivered relative to the healthcare need

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6
Q

What are the two types of equity?

A

Horizontal equity
Vertical equity

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7
Q

What is horizontal equity?

A

Equal treatment for equal need –> Those with the same disease should be treated equally

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8
Q

What is vertical equity?

A

Unequal treatment for different need
Eg. more treatment for pneumonia vs simple cold

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9
Q

What is the medical model of disability?

A

The problem is the disabled person

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10
Q

What is the social model of disability?

A

The problem is the disabling world
Opposes the medical model of disability

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11
Q

What is a never event error?

A

A serious, largely preventable patient safety incident that should not have happened if available preventable measures had been implemented

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12
Q

What is a skill-based error?

A

An error due to the lack of capabilities of the medical staff

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13
Q

What is a sloth error?

A

Where an error is made due to laziness

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14
Q

What is a fixation error?

A

Where a mistake is made because the investigations are tailored towards the most likely diagnosis without allowing for differential diagnoses

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15
Q

What is an error of commission?

A

A medical error where the wrong steps are taken, resulting in inappropriate increased risk of adverse effects related to care –> E.g. prescribing wrong antibiotics

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16
Q

What is an error of omission?

A

A medical error where appropriate steps are not taken, resulting in inappropriately increased risk of adverse effects related to care –> E.g. not doing a CT head on a stroke patient

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17
Q

What is negligence?

A

A breach of duty of care which results in damage

18
Q

What 4 questions are asked when assessing negligence?

A

Was there a duty of care?
Was there a breach in the duty of care?
Did the patient come to harm?
Did the breach cause the harm?

19
Q

What factors can contribute to negligence?

A

Failure to take proper care
System failure (eg. long waits in A&E)
Human factors (eg. communication problem between F2 and consultant)
Judgement failure (someone made the wrong decision)
Neglect (not giving sufficient care)
Misconduct (error covered up)

20
Q

What is the Bolam test?

A

Did the doctor act in a way that is in accordance to guidelines and previous practice?

21
Q

What is the Bolitho test?

A

Are the guidelines of how to act reasonable?

22
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

The tendency to evaluate other groups according to their values compared to one’s own culture

23
Q

What is felt need?

A

What an individual states their needs are

24
Q

What is expressed need?

A

What services an individual accesses to address the felt need

25
Q

What is normative need?

A

An expert opinion on how to address the expressed need, based on appropriate standards

26
Q

What is comparative need?

A

The comparison of the normative need to others with similar felt needs

27
Q

What are the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Physiological needs –> food, water, warmth
Safety needs –> Housing, security
Love/belonging –> Intimate relationships, friends
Esteem needs –> Prestige and feelings of accomplishment
Self-actualisation –> Achieving ones full potential

28
Q

What are the three types of behaviour?

A

Health behaviour
Illness behaviour
Sick role behaviour

29
Q

What is health behaviour?

A

Behaviours to promote health and prevent disease

30
Q

What is illness behaviour?

A

Behaviours to seek remedy eg. going to doctors

31
Q

What is sick role behaviour?

A

Behaviours aimed at getting well eg. taking medication, resting

32
Q

What are potential barriers to the health belief model?

A

Perceived control over actions
Anticipated regret of behaviour change
Failure to make preparatory actions
Implementation intentions
Relevance to self

33
Q

What is inspirational leadership?

A

Motivation centred

34
Q

What is transactional leadership?

A

Promotes compliance in exchange for reward/risk of punishment

35
Q

What is Laissez faire leadership?

A

Delegates and allows members to make decisions for themselves

36
Q

What is transformational leadership?

A

Inclusive leadership that is distributed through all levels of an organisation

37
Q

What is prevalence?

A

A proportion of a population that has a given disease at any given point in time

38
Q

What is incidence?

A

The number of new cases of a disease

39
Q

What is positive predictive value?

A

The probability that subjects with a positive test result truly have the disease

40
Q

What is negative predictive value?

A

Probability that subjects with a negative test result truly do not have the disease

41
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Probability that subjects with the disease are detected by a screening test

42
Q

What is specificity?

A

Probability that subjects that do not have the disease are correctly tested as not having the disease by the screening test

Phase 3A Revision (23 decks)

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