Public Health Flashcards
What are the two classifications of the determinants of health?
Lalonde report, 1974: genes, environment, lifestyle and health care
Dahlgren and whitehead,1991: semi circle of health
what is primary , secondary and tertiary prevention
bonus exam style: Explain the difference between secondary and tertiary
prevention
- stop disease starting first place
- identify and find intervention to alter disease cause
- prevent consequences of disease
types of equity and meaning
bonus exam style: Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical equity in
relation to health care
horizontal: equal treatment for equal need
vertical: unequal treatment for unequal need
what are the classifications of dimensions of health equity
spatial (i.e geographical)
social (class, gender, ethnicity)
what are the three domains of public health practice?
- health improvement
(societal interventions aimed at preventing disease, inequalities, education,housing) - health protection
(infectious diseases,chemicals,radiation) - health care
(service planning, audit and evaluation and efficiency)
what are the three levels of interventions and examples
bonus exam styles: Explain the difference between public health interventions
delivered at the population (ecological) and individual levels,
using one example for each to illustrate your answer.
- individual level: childhood immunisation
- community level: playground set up for local community
- ecological level: ban smoking in enclosed public spaces (e.g. general intervention not delivered and individual level)
what is the difference between health behaviour and illness behaviour and sick role behaviour
health - aimed to prevent disease
illness - aimed to seek remedy
sick role - aim of getting well (e.g. taking prescribed meds and resting)
give an example of interventions on population and individual level
population:
- health promotion
individual: patient centred approach, care responsive to individual needs
2 examples of health promotions/awareness campaigns
“Healthier you” Diabetes prevention
• Change 4 Life Campaign, “5 a day”
• Every mind matters
why do patients practise health damaging behaviour
inaccurate perceptions of risk and susceptibility
what are perceptions of risk influenced by (4)
Perceptions of risk influenced by:
- Lack of personal experience with problem
- Belief that preventable by personal action
- Belief that if not happened by now, it’s not likely to
- Belief that problem infrequent
definition of domestic abuse
- rough definition
incident or pattern of incidents of controlling coercing or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between tose 16+ who are or have been intimate partners or family members reguardless of gender or sexuality.
- psych
- physical
- sexual
- financial
- emotional
indicator for suspicion for domestic abuse>
accident reported as unwitnessed by anyone else
give two beliefs of the health belief model
individuals will change if they:
- believe they are susceptible to condition in question
- believe of serious consequences
- belief taking action reduces sucsceptibility
- believe that benefits of taking action outweight costs
list two cues to action (internal and external)
internal - exacerbations of symptoms
external - advice from others (e.g GP)
what is the theory of planned behaviour?
proposes the best predictor of behaviour is intention
what are the three determining factors of intention
theory of planned behaviour
- attitude to behaviour
- subjective norm
- perceived behavioural control
critiques of planned behaviour (2)
lack of temporal element and lack of direction or casuality
- assumes that attitudes, subjective norms and PBC can be measured
- relies of self-reported behaviour
1.
There are three main behaviours related to health:
Specify the three types of health related behaviours and
provide an example of each: (6 marks
Health Behaviour: a behaviour aimed to prevent
disease (e.g. eating healthily)
•
Illness Behaviour: a behaviour aimed to seek remedy
(e.g. going to the doctor)
•
Sick role Behaviour: any activity aimed at getting well
(e.g. taking prescribed medications; resting)
heory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1988)
suggests that behaviours are governed by our
intentions to carry out target behaviours.
Specify the three factors that influence our
intentions and give an example of each with
reference to smoking cessation (6 marks
attitude to behaviour
- subjective norm
- perceived behavioural control
Transtheoretical model, or stages of change
model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984)
specifies five sequential stages that an
individual will pass through in order for
behaviour change to occur. Which of the below
is the third stage?
a) maintenance
b) Preparation
c) contemplation
d) action
e) Precontemplation
preparation
onsidering the NICE guidelines on behaviour change -
Interventions to change health related behaviour should
work in partnership with individuals, communities,
organisations and populations. Identify three typical
transition points whereby interventions are likely to be
more effective: (3 marks
- leaving school, • entering the workforce • becoming a parent • becoming unemployed • retirement and bereavement
define malnutrition
deficiencies, excess or imbalance in a persons intake of energy and/or nutrients.
- undernutrition and overweight
list two early influences on feeding/eating behaviour
- maternal diet and taste preference development
- breastfeeding
- parenting practices
- age of intro to solid food
