Puberty Flashcards
What are the requirements for normal human growth?
- Absence of chronic disease
- Emotional stability, secure family environment
- Adequate nutrition
- Normal hormone/growth factor actions
- Healthy growth plates
Name 2 causes of short stature
Growth hormone deficiency and Turner syndrome
What is used to keep track of growth? Which centile do most children fall into?
Centile chart
25-75 centile
Name a paediatric condition associated with growth failure
Paediatric Cushing’s disease
What is the definition of the term short stature?
a length or height
less than −2 SDS = 2.3 centile for age and sex of the appropriate reference population
Name 2 causes of disproportionate growth failure/short stature
Skeletal dysplasia
caused by rickets or achondroplasia
Name a genetic, systemic and endocrine causes of Proportionate growth failure/short stature
Genetic- Turner syndrome
Systemic- Gastrointestinal Disease, Nutritional Deficiency
Endocrine- Hypothyroidism
Hypercortisolism
Which hormonal factors lead to the initiation of puberty?
GnRH secretion and the HPG axis (Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
) are re-activated
Initiated by pulsatile GnRH release from hypothalamus
What is the mean age for puberty in girls and boys
11yrs for girls and 12yrs for boys
When is peak height obtained in males and females?
early stage in girls
- mid stages in boys
How is the onset of puberty defined for both girls and boys using the tanner stages?
Tanner stage B2 for girls (budding of the breast)
Tanner Stage G2 = Testis volume > 3mL in boys
Name 3 conditions which occur as a result of early or late puberty
Early- breast cancer
endometrial cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension
later- self esteem issues, osteoporosis, cognitive and learning disabilities
Name some factors which influence the timing of puberty
Fat mass- leptin
Intrauterine growth
Nutrition
endocrine disrupting chemicals
