PTS Q's

Question 1

What is a serious complication of giant cell arteritis?

Answer 1

Blindness/amaurosis fugax

Question 2

What would viral meningitis WBC count show?

Answer 2

Slightly raised with lymphocytic predominance

Question 3

What is the triad of horners syndrome?

Answer 3

1. Anhydrosis (reduced sweating)
2. Miosis (pupil constriction)
3. Ptosis (eyelid droop)

Question 4

What drug is given to those with SAH?

Answer 4

Nimopidine (CCB)

Question 5

What is the most common cause of GBS?

Answer 5

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 6

What is the first line/ GS investigation for MS?

Answer 6

MRI head (lumbar puncture also wanted)

Question 7

What is the first line acute treatment for migraines?

Answer 7

Sumatriptan

Question 8

What would a trochlear nerve palsy cause?

Answer 8

1. Eye rotate upwards and inwards

2. Difficulty looking downwards

Question 9

What would an oculomotor nerve palsy cause?

Answer 9

1. Eye remains down and outwards

2. Ptosis

Question 10

What would a left abducens nerve palsy cause?

Answer 10

1. Eye would be medial

2. Difficulty with lateral movement

Question 11

What is the life prolonging medication for MND?

Answer 11

Riluzole

Question 12

What does Charcot- Marie tooth present with?

Answer 12

Champagne bottle weakness

Question 13

What would be the 1st line medication for young woman with tonic-clonic seizures?

Answer 13

Lamotrigine

Question 14

What receptors does myasthenia gravis affect?

Answer 14

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of NMJ

Question 15

What would L5 compression present with?

Answer 15

1. pain in outer leg

2. weakness with dorsiflexion

Question 16

What are the intracellular TLRs?

Answer 16

TLR 3,7,8,9

Question 17

How many TLR’s are there?

Answer 17

13

Question 18

What does TLR1 detect?

Answer 18

Lipoproteins

Question 19

What does TLR2 detect?

Answer 19

Lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, lipoproteins

Question 20

What does TLR3 detect?

Answer 20

Viral dsRNA

Question 21

What does TLR4 detect?

Answer 21

Lipopolysaccharide, viral envelope protein

Question 22

What does TLR5 detect?

Answer 22

Flagellin

Question 23

What does TLR6 detect?

Answer 23

Lipoteichoic acid, lipoproteins

Question 24

What do TLR7 and 8 detect?

Answer 24

Viral ssRNA and synthetic antiviral compounds

Question 25

What does TLR9 detect?

Answer 25

Bacterial and viral DNA

Question 26

What does TLR10 detect?

Answer 26

Triacylated lipopeptides

Question 27

Why are mycoplasma resistant beta-lactam antibiotics?

Answer 27

They lack a cell wall

Question 28

What type of drug is dobutamine?

Answer 28

Beta-1 agonist

Question 29

What type of hypersensitivity reaction do antibody-antibody complexes deposit in tissues?

Answer 29

Type 3

Question 30

What does the patch test diagnose?

Answer 30

Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions (delayed reactions)

Question 31

What is the initial immunoglobulin in viral hepatitis?

Answer 31

IgM

Question 32

When does IgG predominate in infections?

Answer 32

Later on in infection after IgM peak level

Question 33

What is the principle molecule in viral responses?

Answer 33

INF-alpha

Question 34

What do dendritic cells do in the lymph nodes?

Answer 34

Monitor lymph nodes for antigens and present them to T cells

Question 35

What is the most common cause of traveller's diarrhoea?

Answer 35

ETEC

Question 36

What is the mechanism of insulin?

Answer 36

Reduce glycogenolysis

Question 37

What is the most common subtype of thyroid carcinoma?

Answer 37

Papillary

Question 38

What is an endogenous cause of Cushing's syndrome?

Answer 38

Adrenal adenoma

Question 39

What is an exogenous cause of Cushing's syndrome?

Answer 39

Long term corticosteroid use

Question 40

What is the most useful test for carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 40

Chromagranin-A and octreoscan

Question 41

What is the mechanism of glucagon?

Answer 41

Stimulates lipolysis

Question 42

What is the uterine artery a branch of?

Answer 42

Internal pudendal artery

Question 43

What is the mechanism of alendronic acid?

Answer 43

Inhibits osteoclastic activity to increase bone formation

Question 44

What is the mechanism of DOACs?

Answer 44

Directly inhibit activated clotting factor X to prevent conversion of prothrombin to thrombin