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Phase 2A > PTS Q's > Flashcards

PTS Q's Flashcards

1
Q

What is a serious complication of giant cell arteritis?

A

Blindness/amaurosis fugax

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2
Q

What would viral meningitis WBC count show?

A

Slightly raised with lymphocytic predominance

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3
Q

What is the triad of horners syndrome?

A
  1. Anhydrosis (reduced sweating)
  2. Miosis (pupil constriction)
  3. Ptosis (eyelid droop)
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4
Q

What drug is given to those with SAH?

A

Nimopidine (CCB)

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of GBS?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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6
Q

What is the first line/ GS investigation for MS?

A

MRI head (lumbar puncture also wanted)

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7
Q

What is the first line acute treatment for migraines?

A

Sumatriptan

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8
Q

What would a trochlear nerve palsy cause?

A
  1. Eye rotate upwards and inwards

2. Difficulty looking downwards

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9
Q

What would an oculomotor nerve palsy cause?

A
  1. Eye remains down and outwards

2. Ptosis

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10
Q

What would a left abducens nerve palsy cause?

A
  1. Eye would be medial

2. Difficulty with lateral movement

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11
Q

What is the life prolonging medication for MND?

A

Riluzole

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12
Q

What does Charcot- Marie tooth present with?

A

Champagne bottle weakness

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13
Q

What would be the 1st line medication for young woman with tonic-clonic seizures?

A

Lamotrigine

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14
Q

What receptors does myasthenia gravis affect?

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of NMJ

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15
Q

What would L5 compression present with?

A
  1. pain in outer leg

2. weakness with dorsiflexion

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16
Q

What are the intracellular TLRs?

A

TLR 3,7,8,9

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17
Q

How many TLR’s are there?

A

13

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18
Q

What does TLR1 detect?

A

Lipoproteins

19
Q

What does TLR2 detect?

A

Lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, lipoproteins

20
Q

What does TLR3 detect?

A

Viral dsRNA

21
Q

What does TLR4 detect?

A

Lipopolysaccharide, viral envelope protein

22
Q

What does TLR5 detect?

A

Flagellin

23
Q

What does TLR6 detect?

A

Lipoteichoic acid, lipoproteins

24
Q

What do TLR7 and 8 detect?

A

Viral ssRNA and synthetic antiviral compounds

25
Q

What does TLR9 detect?

A

Bacterial and viral DNA

26
Q

What does TLR10 detect?

A

Triacylated lipopeptides

27
Q

Why are mycoplasma resistant beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

They lack a cell wall

28
Q

What type of drug is dobutamine?

A

Beta-1 agonist

29
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction do antibody-antibody complexes deposit in tissues?

A

Type 3

30
Q

What does the patch test diagnose?

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions (delayed reactions)

31
Q

What is the initial immunoglobulin in viral hepatitis?

A

IgM

32
Q

When does IgG predominate in infections?

A

Later on in infection after IgM peak level

33
Q

What is the principle molecule in viral responses?

A

INF-alpha

34
Q

What do dendritic cells do in the lymph nodes?

A

Monitor lymph nodes for antigens and present them to T cells

35
Q

What is the most common cause of traveller’s diarrhoea?

A

ETEC

36
Q

What is the mechanism of insulin?

A

Reduce glycogenolysis

37
Q

What is the most common subtype of thyroid carcinoma?

A

Papillary

38
Q

What is an endogenous cause of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Adrenal adenoma

39
Q

What is an exogenous cause of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Long term corticosteroid use

40
Q

What is the most useful test for carcinoid syndrome?

A

Chromagranin-A and octreoscan

41
Q

What is the mechanism of glucagon?

A

Stimulates lipolysis

42
Q

What is the uterine artery a branch of?

A

Internal pudendal artery

43
Q

What is the mechanism of alendronic acid?

A

Inhibits osteoclastic activity to increase bone formation

44
Q

What is the mechanism of DOACs?

A

Directly inhibit activated clotting factor X to prevent conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Phase 2A (3 decks)

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