PTP Ch 4 Flashcards
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
- Protection
- Sensation
- Thermoregulation
- Vitamin D synthesis
- Excretion
The integumentary system includes skin, hair, nails, and glands.
What are the three layers of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
Each layer has distinct characteristics and functions.
Describe the characteristics of the epidermis.
Outer layer, primarily composed of keratinocytes, avascular, provides waterproof barrier
Contains melanocytes, which produce melanin.
Describe the characteristics of the dermis.
Thicker layer, contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands
Divided into papillary and reticular layers.
Describe the characteristics of the hypodermis.
Subcutaneous layer, composed of loose connective tissue and fat, anchors skin to underlying structures
Provides insulation and cushioning.
List the major types of cells found in epithelium.
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Langerhans cells
- Merkel cells
Each type has a specific role in skin function and protection.
Compare thick and thin skin.
Thick skin: found on palms and soles, has a thicker epidermis, lacks hair follicles
Thin skin: covers most of the body, thinner epidermis, contains hair follicles
Thick skin has more layers of stratum corneum.
What are the accessory structures of the skin?
- Hair
- Nails
- Sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
Each structure has specific functions related to protection and thermoregulation.
What are the general functions of membranes?
- Protection
- Lubrication
- Secretion
- Absorption
Membranes are found in various locations, including mucous and serous membranes.
Compare the structure of the major membrane types.
- Mucous membranes: line cavities open to the exterior, contain epithelial and connective tissue
- Serous membranes: line closed body cavities, consist of simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue
- Cutaneous membrane: skin, composed of epidermis and dermis
Each type serves different functions based on its location.
How is homeostasis maintained in the integumentary system?
Through regulation of temperature, hydration, and protection against pathogens
Involves mechanisms like sweating and vasodilation.
What are some diseases of the integumentary system?
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Skin cancer
- Acne
Each condition affects skin function and appearance.
Describe the effects of aging on skin.
Thinning of the epidermis, decrease in collagen and elastin, reduced oil production, slower healing
Leads to wrinkles, dryness, and increased susceptibility to injury.
