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1
Q

define a conspiracy theory

A

explanations for the events around the world that usually involve a secret operation usually carried out by a group of plotters usually for a common goal

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2
Q

explain the difference between an irrational belief and a conspiracy theory

A

irrational beliefs lack truth and are usually harmful and illogical. some conspiracy theories have turned out to be true, however most are irrational

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3
Q

why would someone be motivated to adopt a conspiracy theory?

A

it can be more entertaining than the truth. it makes us feel clever, special or important. it appeals to our emotions and gives us a focus for our anger

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4
Q

what is confirmation bias and why does it matter

A

only seeking or recognising evidence and ideas that support our currently held views. it limits our understanding and prevents us from changing our mind

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5
Q

why might religion be an irrational belief

A

it can be harmful and limit other ways of thinking about life, may not be true as there are too many religions for them all to be true

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6
Q

define ahimsa

A

the belief in total and absolute non-violence towards anything. including violent tone, actions, speech and thoughts.

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7
Q

explain the role of karma in ahimsa

A

good karma is attained when we protect life, bad karma results from violence which then leads to a bad rebirth or more coming back to us

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8
Q

what religions would follow ahimsa

A

buddhism, hinduism

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9
Q

what is the difference between a western and eastern perception of ai

A

western; hostile and sceptical
eastern; more open and considerate to possible benefits and consciousness

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10
Q

explain the challenge social media can create for democracy

A

can spread misinformation and promotes conflict and emotion over reason and real communication

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11
Q

define utilitarianism

A

the greatest happiness for the greatest number in any given situation

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12
Q

explain the trolly problem

A

a thought experiment where we must choose between allowing a train to end 5 lives or switching the track to kill 1 person

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13
Q

who was peter singer

A

the utilitarian philosopher who supported animal rights and the equal consideration of interests

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14
Q

explain the difference between a western and an eastern perception of animals and the soul

A

western; Christian view- only man has a god given soul and is special
eastern; animals and humans share the same souls and all life is connected

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15
Q

what is cosmetic and medical testing on animals

A

cosmetic: testing for makeup, products etc
medical: testing for medicine and life saving treatments

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16
Q

define divine command theory

A

right and wrong are absolute given as the commands of god in the form of scripture which must be followed like rules

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17
Q

explain the difference between absolute and relative morality

A

absolute- always follow the same rule no matter what
relative- do what is best in the situation

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18
Q

what religions would follow the divine command theory

A

christianity, judaism, islam

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19
Q

what are the differences between western culture and eastern culture

A

western cultures- promote individuality and independence
eastern- more we cultures that emphasize importance of responsibility and relationships

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20
Q

explain 2 different beliefs about consciousness

A

consciousness realism- exists as part of the world not able to reduce the physical part so the brain.
materialism- just a product of the brain

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21
Q

define asceticism

A

renouncing or removing physical and psychological desire

22
Q

what is the difference between natural and unnatural ascetitism

A

natural- giving up pleasures and comforts
unnatural- extreme control over the body

23
Q

what are examples of ascetics

A

Jesus, Muhammad, the buddha

24
Q

explain the life of a Hindu Sadu and why they adopt this

A

total commitment to religion, no possessions wealth or comforts, seek to help and guide others, focus on meditation and contemplating the divine wile overcoming pain

25
Q

what are merits of the ascetic life

A

helps remove addictions. develops the virtues of self discipline and moderation. helps us feel closer to god

26
Q

define euthanasia

A

the acting of assisting someone to end their life; assisted suicide

27
Q

explain the difference between active and passive euthanasia

A

active- taking action to end a life
passive- removing the saving support and allowing death to happen

28
Q

what is genetic engineering and what are the applications of it

A

changing a persons DNA to remove defects or improving the abilities of a person

29
Q

explain the Chinese room thought experiment and what it shows

A

instructions are fed into a system and rules are followed. intelligent sounding answers will result but there is no understanding of Chinese at all - machines need a body to deemed conscious

30
Q

explain different views on the divine

A

atheist: rejects it and doesn’t believe
Buddhist: enlightenment
Hindu: moksha (overcoming desires/ freedom) and the supreme god with many forms
Christianity: the holy trinity, one god all powerful
islam: 99 names - all considered to be descriptions of gods qualities

31
Q

name some biases and what they are

A

anchoring- when you latch on to the first information you find
in group bias- when you favour the side of people like you
confirmation bias- we ignore the information that challenges
need for closure- don’t like not knowing/ waiting for a solution
backfire effect- if our views are attacked you take it personally and double down

32
Q

what is Platos cave

A

Platos cave is the metaphor for not being able to see past your own beliefs/ the media. 3 prisoners are locked in a cave and have watched shadows of the outside world but have never seen what it is like, 1 prisoner breaks free and discovers the outside world is much better so he tries to tell the others, but they think he’s stupid and kick him aside.

33
Q

who is Sigmund Freud

A

an Austrian neurologist who believed that religion is ‘childish’ and a ‘false reality’

34
Q

who is Karl Marx

A

a German philosopher that believes religion ‘comforts’ but doesn’t help progress as it caused many conflicts as of soldier mindsets

35
Q

who was Jo Marchant

A

he believed that if people believe in something/ someone they are more likely to feel better/ be better.

36
Q

what is qanon

A

Qanon is a group of conspiracy theorists who believe that trump is waging a secret war against Satan-worshipping paedophiles in government, business and media

37
Q

what is polarisation

A

when society involves opposed and separate groups

38
Q

what is cancel culture

A

when someone famous/ well-known does something offensive therefore the issue is brought up on social media

39
Q

what is a person

A

a person is a human being with a consciousness, mind, a human body and a soul.

40
Q

why should animals be considered as people

A

humans are products of evolution from animals, we have no right to believe animals have different pleasure/ pain- peter singer, animals have thoughts, feelings and a soul

41
Q

why shouldn’t animals be considered as people

A

Thomas Aquinas said that because only humans can gain knowledge of god only humans are people. only humans can hold back from their desires, animals lack will- kant

42
Q

who was Alan Turing and what did he believe

A

he believed that if a computer could convince you it was a human then it was artificially intelligent and therefore thinking for itself.

43
Q

what is the catholic view on euthanasia

A

those who approve laws of assisted suicide become accomplices of sin, it is an act of homicide that no act can justify

44
Q

what is culture

A

culture represents shared norms, values, ideas and patterns of learned behaviour

45
Q

what is ethnocentrism and an example

A

ethnocentrism is evaluation of other cultures (racism) - in France you aren’t allowed outside your house in ethnic clothing

46
Q

what is relativism

A

the principle that knowledge, truth and morality exist in relation to culture -eg. religion spreading

47
Q

what is an altered state of mind

A

any state of mind of which a persons sese perceptions are different than normal, it is a temporary change

48
Q

what are examples of altered states of mind

A

meditation- quiets the mind and focuses attentions
dreams- experience of images, sounds and feelings that aren’t real
reaction from drugs- change in behaviour because of drugs triggering the mind

49
Q

why do we enter ‘altered states’

A

healing, automatically, unitary consciousness

50
Q

how can seeing the divine in an altered state make it true

A

the divine would only show for believers, could show the truth, could be a message

51
Q

how can seeing the divine not be true

A

the person could be lying, there not n the right state of mind, they only see what they want to see

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