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1
Q

define a conspiracy theory

A

explanations for the events around the world that usually involve a secret operation usually carried out by a group of plotters usually for a common goal

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2
Q

explain the difference between an irrational belief and a conspiracy theory

A

irrational beliefs lack truth and are usually harmful and illogical. some conspiracy theories have turned out to be true, however most are irrational

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3
Q

why would someone be motivated to adopt a conspiracy theory?

A

it can be more entertaining than the truth. it makes us feel clever, special or important. it appeals to our emotions and gives us a focus for our anger

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4
Q

what is confirmation bias and why does it matter

A

only seeking or recognising evidence and ideas that support our currently held views. it limits our understanding and prevents us from changing our mind

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5
Q

why might religion be an irrational belief

A

it can be harmful and limit other ways of thinking about life, may not be true as there are too many religions for them all to be true

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6
Q

define ahimsa

A

the belief in total and absolute non-violence towards anything. including violent tone, actions, speech and thoughts.

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7
Q

explain the role of karma in ahimsa

A

good karma is attained when we protect life, bad karma results from violence which then leads to a bad rebirth or more coming back to us

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8
Q

what religions would follow ahimsa

A

buddhism, hinduism

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9
Q

what is the difference between a western and eastern perception of ai

A

western; hostile and sceptical
eastern; more open and considerate to possible benefits and consciousness

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10
Q

explain the challenge social media can create for democracy

A

can spread misinformation and promotes conflict and emotion over reason and real communication

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11
Q

define utilitarianism

A

the greatest happiness for the greatest number in any given situation

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12
Q

explain the trolly problem

A

a thought experiment where we must choose between allowing a train to end 5 lives or switching the track to kill 1 person

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13
Q

who was peter singer

A

the utilitarian philosopher who supported animal rights and the equal consideration of interests

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14
Q

explain the difference between a western and an eastern perception of animals and the soul

A

western; Christian view- only man has a god given soul and is special
eastern; animals and humans share the same souls and all life is connected

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15
Q

what is cosmetic and medical testing on animals

A

cosmetic: testing for makeup, products etc
medical: testing for medicine and life saving treatments

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16
Q

define divine command theory

A

right and wrong are absolute given as the commands of god in the form of scripture which must be followed like rules

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17
Q

explain the difference between absolute and relative morality

A

absolute- always follow the same rule no matter what
relative- do what is best in the situation

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18
Q

what religions would follow the divine command theory

A

christianity, judaism, islam

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19
Q

what are the differences between western culture and eastern culture

A

western cultures- promote individuality and independence
eastern- more we cultures that emphasize importance of responsibility and relationships

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20
Q

explain 2 different beliefs about consciousness

A

consciousness realism- exists as part of the world not able to reduce the physical part so the brain.
materialism- just a product of the brain

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21
Q

define asceticism

A

renouncing or removing physical and psychological desire

22
Q

what is the difference between natural and unnatural ascetitism

A

natural- giving up pleasures and comforts
unnatural- extreme control over the body

23
Q

what are examples of ascetics

A

Jesus, Muhammad, the buddha

24
Q

explain the life of a Hindu Sadu and why they adopt this

A

total commitment to religion, no possessions wealth or comforts, seek to help and guide others, focus on meditation and contemplating the divine wile overcoming pain

25
what are merits of the ascetic life
helps remove addictions. develops the virtues of self discipline and moderation. helps us feel closer to god
26
define euthanasia
the acting of assisting someone to end their life; assisted suicide
27
explain the difference between active and passive euthanasia
active- taking action to end a life passive- removing the saving support and allowing death to happen
28
what is genetic engineering and what are the applications of it
changing a persons DNA to remove defects or improving the abilities of a person
29
explain the Chinese room thought experiment and what it shows
instructions are fed into a system and rules are followed. intelligent sounding answers will result but there is no understanding of Chinese at all - machines need a body to deemed conscious
30
explain different views on the divine
atheist: rejects it and doesn't believe Buddhist: enlightenment Hindu: moksha (overcoming desires/ freedom) and the supreme god with many forms Christianity: the holy trinity, one god all powerful islam: 99 names - all considered to be descriptions of gods qualities
31
name some biases and what they are
anchoring- when you latch on to the first information you find in group bias- when you favour the side of people like you confirmation bias- we ignore the information that challenges need for closure- don't like not knowing/ waiting for a solution backfire effect- if our views are attacked you take it personally and double down
32
what is Platos cave
Platos cave is the metaphor for not being able to see past your own beliefs/ the media. 3 prisoners are locked in a cave and have watched shadows of the outside world but have never seen what it is like, 1 prisoner breaks free and discovers the outside world is much better so he tries to tell the others, but they think he's stupid and kick him aside.
33
who is Sigmund Freud
an Austrian neurologist who believed that religion is 'childish' and a 'false reality'
34
who is Karl Marx
a German philosopher that believes religion 'comforts' but doesn't help progress as it caused many conflicts as of soldier mindsets
35
who was Jo Marchant
he believed that if people believe in something/ someone they are more likely to feel better/ be better.
36
what is qanon
Qanon is a group of conspiracy theorists who believe that trump is waging a secret war against Satan-worshipping paedophiles in government, business and media
37
what is polarisation
when society involves opposed and separate groups
38
what is cancel culture
when someone famous/ well-known does something offensive therefore the issue is brought up on social media
39
what is a person
a person is a human being with a consciousness, mind, a human body and a soul.
40
why should animals be considered as people
humans are products of evolution from animals, we have no right to believe animals have different pleasure/ pain- peter singer, animals have thoughts, feelings and a soul
41
why shouldn't animals be considered as people
Thomas Aquinas said that because only humans can gain knowledge of god only humans are people. only humans can hold back from their desires, animals lack will- kant
42
who was Alan Turing and what did he believe
he believed that if a computer could convince you it was a human then it was artificially intelligent and therefore thinking for itself.
43
what is the catholic view on euthanasia
those who approve laws of assisted suicide become accomplices of sin, it is an act of homicide that no act can justify
44
what is culture
culture represents shared norms, values, ideas and patterns of learned behaviour
45
what is ethnocentrism and an example
ethnocentrism is evaluation of other cultures (racism) - in France you aren't allowed outside your house in ethnic clothing
46
what is relativism
the principle that knowledge, truth and morality exist in relation to culture -eg. religion spreading
47
what is an altered state of mind
any state of mind of which a persons sese perceptions are different than normal, it is a temporary change
48
what are examples of altered states of mind
meditation- quiets the mind and focuses attentions dreams- experience of images, sounds and feelings that aren't real reaction from drugs- change in behaviour because of drugs triggering the mind
49
why do we enter 'altered states'
healing, automatically, unitary consciousness
50
how can seeing the divine in an altered state make it true
the divine would only show for believers, could show the truth, could be a message
51
how can seeing the divine not be true
the person could be lying, there not n the right state of mind, they only see what they want to see

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