PTA135-Unit 3-1-General Orthopedic Issue Flashcards
List the 5 classifications of fracture
- site of injury
- extent of injury
- direction of abnormality
- relationship of fracture fragments to each other
- relationship of fracture fragment to the environment
List the 3 examples “site of injury” fracture
proximal
middle
distal
:List the 2 examples of “extent of injury” fracture
complete
incomplete
List the 6 examples of “direction of abnormality” fracture
transverse oblique spiral impacted comminuted greenstick
List the 5 examples of “relationship of fracture fragments to each other”
- non-displaced
- displaced
- angulated
- twisted/rotated
- overriding
List the 2 examples of “relationship of fracture fragments to the environment”
open (compound)
closed (simple)
Define (and illustrate) complete/incomplete fracture
complete - bone fragments separate completely
incomplete - bone fragments are still partially joined
Define (and illustrate) open (compound) / closed (simple) fracture
open (compound) - breaks the skin
closed (simple) - skin remains intact
Define (and illustrate) non-displaced / displaced fracture
non-displaced - fragment surfaces are still lined up properly
displaced - loss of contact between fragment surfaces
Define (and illustrate) comminuted fracture
any fracture with more than two fracture fragments
Define (and illustrate) compression (impacted) fracture
a fracture caused when bone fragments are driven into each other
Define (and illustrate) transverse fracture
fracture is at right angle to bone’s long axis
Define (and illustrate) linear fracture
fracture is parallel to bone’s long axis
Define (and illustrate) oblique fracture
fracture is diagonal to bone’s long axis
Define (and illustrate) spiral fracture
fracture where a part of the bone has been twisted
Define greenstick fracture
incompletely fractured bone in a child, with a portion of the cortex and periosteum remaining intact on the compression side of the fracture
Name some Internal Fixation devices
screws, staples, pins, nails, plates, rods, wires
Name some External Fixation devices
cast, traction, splint, brace, sling
When would you use Internal Fixation?
to treat displaced fracture where external fixation does not provide enough immobilization
When would you use External Fixation?
- to allow fracture site to heal while allowing care of an open wound
- because quick and easy
define Bursitis
when a bursa becomes inflamed (redness and increased fluid in the bursa)
define Tendonitis
- acute injury of the tendon associated with an inflammatory response
- when the normal smooth gliding motion of the tendon is impaired and tendon becomes inflamed
define Tendonosis
degeneration to the tendon, not associated with inflammatory response, due to one more factors such as microtrauma or age
define Tendonopathy
chronic activity-related pain of the involved tendon
define Tenosynovitis
- inflammation of the lining of the sheath
- inflammation of the tendon’s synovial membrane
define Sprain
damage or tear to the ligament
define Strain
damage or tear to the muscle, tendon or musculotendinous junction
name the 3 types of delay in bone healing
- delayed union
- malunion
- non-union
describe Delayed Union
- process of bone healing occurs as a slower than anticipated rate
- clinically, when firm callus is not present at 20 wks for LE or at 10 wks for UE
- due to inadequate reduction or excessive movement at fracture site
describe Malunion
- healing results in a non-anatomic position
- cause by ineffective immobilization or failure to maintain adequate immobilization for appropriate time
describe Non-Union
- bone healing process has stopped
- can be caused by interruption of blood supply due to significant soft tissue trauma or disruption in internal blood supply
- introduction of infection
- most common in tibia, humerus, talus, 5th metatarsal
