PTA135-Unit 3-1-General Orthopedic Issue

Question 1

List the 5 classifications of fracture

Answer 1

• site of injury
• extent of injury
• direction of abnormality
• relationship of fracture fragments to each other
• relationship of fracture fragment to the environment

Question 2

List the 3 examples “site of injury” fracture

Answer 2

proximal
middle
distal

Question 3

:List the 2 examples of “extent of injury” fracture

Answer 3

complete

incomplete

Question 4

List the 6 examples of “direction of abnormality” fracture

Answer 4

transverse
oblique
spiral
impacted
comminuted
greenstick

Question 5

List the 5 examples of “relationship of fracture fragments to each other”

Answer 5

• non-displaced
• displaced
• angulated
• twisted/rotated
• overriding

Question 6

List the 2 examples of “relationship of fracture fragments to the environment”

Answer 6

open (compound)

closed (simple)

Question 7

Define (and illustrate) complete/incomplete fracture

Answer 7

complete - bone fragments separate completely

incomplete - bone fragments are still partially joined

Question 8

Define (and illustrate) open (compound) / closed (simple) fracture

Answer 8

open (compound) - breaks the skin

closed (simple) - skin remains intact

Question 9

Define (and illustrate) non-displaced / displaced fracture

Answer 9

non-displaced - fragment surfaces are still lined up properly
displaced - loss of contact between fragment surfaces

Question 10

Define (and illustrate) comminuted fracture

Answer 10

any fracture with more than two fracture fragments

Question 11

Define (and illustrate) compression (impacted) fracture

Answer 11

a fracture caused when bone fragments are driven into each other

Question 12

Define (and illustrate) transverse fracture

Answer 12

fracture is at right angle to bone’s long axis

Question 13

Define (and illustrate) linear fracture

Answer 13

fracture is parallel to bone’s long axis

Question 14

Define (and illustrate) oblique fracture

Answer 14

fracture is diagonal to bone’s long axis

Question 15

Define (and illustrate) spiral fracture

Answer 15

fracture where a part of the bone has been twisted

Question 16

Define greenstick fracture

Answer 16

incompletely fractured bone in a child, with a portion of the cortex and periosteum remaining intact on the compression side of the fracture

Question 17

Name some Internal Fixation devices

Answer 17

screws, staples, pins, nails, plates, rods, wires

Question 18

Name some External Fixation devices

Answer 18

cast, traction, splint, brace, sling

Question 19

When would you use Internal Fixation?

Answer 19

to treat displaced fracture where external fixation does not provide enough immobilization

Question 20

When would you use External Fixation?

Answer 20

• to allow fracture site to heal while allowing care of an open wound
• because quick and easy

Question 21

define Bursitis

Answer 21

when a bursa becomes inflamed (redness and increased fluid in the bursa)

Question 22

define Tendonitis

Answer 22

• acute injury of the tendon associated with an inflammatory response
• when the normal smooth gliding motion of the tendon is impaired and tendon becomes inflamed

Question 23

define Tendonosis

Answer 23

degeneration to the tendon, not associated with inflammatory response, due to one more factors such as microtrauma or age

Question 24

define Tendonopathy

Answer 24

chronic activity-related pain of the involved tendon

Question 25

define Tenosynovitis

Answer 25

• inflammation of the lining of the sheath

- inflammation of the tendon’s synovial membrane

Question 26

define Sprain

Answer 26

damage or tear to the ligament

Question 27

define Strain

Answer 27

damage or tear to the muscle, tendon or musculotendinous junction

Question 28

name the 3 types of delay in bone healing

Answer 28

• delayed union
• malunion
• non-union

Question 29

describe Delayed Union

Answer 29

• process of bone healing occurs as a slower than anticipated rate
• clinically, when firm callus is not present at 20 wks for LE or at 10 wks for UE
• due to inadequate reduction or excessive movement at fracture site

Question 30

describe Malunion

Answer 30

• healing results in a non-anatomic position

- cause by ineffective immobilization or failure to maintain adequate immobilization for appropriate time

Question 31

describe Non-Union

Answer 31

• bone healing process has stopped
• can be caused by interruption of blood supply due to significant soft tissue trauma or disruption in internal blood supply
• introduction of infection
• most common in tibia, humerus, talus, 5th metatarsal