PT3

Question 1

Define ETP

Answer 1

Point on track where it takes equal time to fly to either pair of aerodromes (not necessarily enroute) after event occurs.

Question 2

What is the formula for ETP?

Answer 2

ETP(D)= DH/On+H. If ETP from dept AD
ETP(D)=DO+On+H. If ETP from arrival AD

Alternatively,
ETP=DTo/To+Th

Question 3

How does wind affect ETP?

Answer 3

Moves into wind

Question 4

Define PNR

Answer 4

Furthest point enroute from dept/suitable enroute AD which the a/c can fly to and turn back to arrive OH with fuel reserves.

Question 5

What 2 proportional formulas must be remembered for PNR?

Answer 5

Dist to PNR/Leg distance = safe endurance rem/time on leg (out/in) in minutes

Dist PNR/Leg distance = remaining fuel/fuel req

Question 6

What factors affect PNR?

Answer 6

Any wind brings PNR closer to dept AD

Proportional to TAS (for given FF), FoB, performance of a/c.

Question 7

How can you find out the PNR factor?

Answer 7

FF Out/Ot + FF home/h= PNR factor

Then fuel excess/PNR factor.

PNR factor is the amount of fuel required to go out by 1Nm and return.

Question 8

What defines a polar region?

Answer 8

More than 78N or 60S

Question 9

How to increase fuel temp?

Answer 9

Fly different route into warmer air.
Climb/descend into warmer air (lower TP means warmer higher).
Increase speed by M.02 to increase by 1*

Question 10

What requirements for an alternate AD are there?

Answer 10

Must meet phycological needs to pax/crew until evacuation (no later 12-48hrs after landed).
Safe offload in adverse wx conditions.
Make a safe landing (wx good enough) and manoeuvre off RWY.

Question 11

When can’t you fly during a solar storm?

Answer 11

S4 or FL310& above S3.