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Liquid Penetrant > Pt2 > Flashcards

Pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name a type 1 penetrant

A

Fluorescent penetrant

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2
Q

Which level of certification may be authorized to interpret and evaluate test results according to applicable standards, codes, specifications, or procedures

A

Level 2 and Level 3

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3
Q

Which nrcan document describes the process for the qualification and certification of ndt personnel in Canada

A

Can/CGSB- 48.9712

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4
Q

Which discontinuities can be found by the penetrant method

A

Surface cracks

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5
Q

It is a condition of nrcan certification that individuals abide by and sign the nrcan

A

Code of conduct for testing personnel

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6
Q

What is an advantage of liquid penetrant testing

A

Technicians can visually detect indications

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7
Q

The most common and basic of ndt methods, where examiner’s look at the surface of the part or use the aid of mirrors or cameras to aid in inspection, is called:

A

Visual testing (VT)

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8
Q

What is some of the historic methods that laid the foundation for modern penetrant testing

A

Oil and whiting test method
Lacquer and hammer method

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9
Q

Non-destructive testing is a descriptive term used for the examination of material and components in such a way that

A

Allows material to be examined without changing or damaging their usefulness

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10
Q

Name something that is not a benefit of using ndt

A

Measuring mechanical properties of a material

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11
Q

The tendency of liquids to penetrate or migrate into small openings, such as cracks, pits, or fissures, is referred to as:

A

Capillary action

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12
Q

Liquid penetrant testing can be used to examine surface breaking indications in almost any material. What is not commonly tested with penetrant testing

A

Wood

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13
Q

The________ method involves inducing a magnetic field in ferromagnetic material and then dusting the surface with iron particles

A

Magnetic particle (MT)

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14
Q

What penetrant would have the highest level of sensitivity for detecting small and tight discontinuities

A

Level 4

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15
Q

Which calibration does not need to be confirmed prior to visible liquid penetrant testing

A

Minimum black light intensity

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16
Q

What is an advantage of the liquid penetrant process

A

Can be used on a wide variety of metals and metal alloys

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17
Q

________ penetrant has a built-in emulsifier that allows the excess penetrant to be easily washed away with water spray.

A

Water washable

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18
Q

It is common for_________ developers to be applied by using an air pressured dust chamber

A

Dry powder

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19
Q

Visible penetrant examinations require suitable white light intensity at the examination surface. Common industry standards recommend a minimum light intensity greater than________

A

100 fc

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20
Q

The qualifications and certification of NDT personnel in Canada is controlled by which Canadian governing body?

A

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)

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21
Q

Which of the following is not classified as a recommended precleaning method. Detergent cleaning, grinding, vapor degreasing, paint removers.

A

Grinding

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22
Q

The ability to spread evenly over the surface and carry into a discontinuity are desired properties during

A

Penetrant application

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23
Q

Electrostatic spraying is a technique used for applying______

A

Penetrant

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24
Q

The time during which penetrant is permitted to remain on the test specimen is considered the dwell time. Typical dwell times for small defects range from:

A

5 to 60 minutes

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25
Q

The penetrant removal process that involves wiping in the same direction with a moist cloth, is

A

Solvent removable

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26
Q

_____ developers consist of a group of chemicals that are dissolved in water and form a thin developer layer when the water is evaporated away.

A

Water soluble

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27
Q

During drying, penetrant can _____ at high temperature due to evaporation or sublimation.

A

Fade

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28
Q

The post emulsified penetrant involves water rinsing of the test specimen ______ applying the emulsifier?

A

Before and after

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29
Q

List the sequence of the solvent removable penetrant process.

A

Pre clean, apply penetrant, solvent wipe, apply developer, inspect, post clean

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30
Q

Which liquid penetrant test method would be best suited for detecting fine cracks on a relatively smooth test specimen?

A

Fluorescent, post emulsified

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31
Q

When water washing, care must be taken to not over wash penetrant from discontinuities. Water pressure should not exceed________

A

50 psi

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32
Q

What method of penetrant does not have built-in emulsifier, meaning it requires water rinsing followed by application of an emulsifier?

A

Post emulsified

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33
Q

Which penetrant process involves: pre-clean, apply penetrant, water wash, drying, apply developer, inspect, and post clean.

A

Water washable

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34
Q

_______ in a liquid is an example of cohesive force where the molecules are attracted to like molecules.

A

Surface tension

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35
Q

____________ in a liquid is an example of adhesive force where molecules are attracted to foreign matter

A

Wetting ability

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36
Q

_______ in a liquid is related to the rate at which liquid will flow under some applied stress.

A

Viscosity

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37
Q

_______ is a combination of cohesive and adhesive forces of liquid.

A

Capillary action

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38
Q

When a liquid comes into contact with a solid surface, a contact angle less than 90° results in ______ wetting.

A

Good

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39
Q

The penetrant indications that appear can be interpreted by the technician and ________ to the code or specification requirements.

A

Recorded, reported, evaluated

40
Q

The final processing step of the liquid penetrant specimen is ________

A

Post cleaning

41
Q

The visible light spectrum is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. It ranges in wavelengths from. Approximately ________

A

400 NM to 700 NM

42
Q

Ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from approximately ________

A

40 NM to 400 NM

43
Q

Short exposure to ultraviolet light can cause photo keratitis and conjunctivitis, which are temporary conditions that affect the________

A

Humane eye

44
Q

A black light works by producing _____ light, or ultraviolet light, that humans cannot see:

A

UVA

45
Q

Uv light is not easily measurable. True or false

A

False

46
Q

List three hazards associated with uv light

A

Uv exposure is not immediately felt.

Uv light emitted from uv equipment exceeds natural levels

Damage can occur with only a few seconds of exposure

47
Q

Wich of the following is not an example of an eye disorder resulting from uv exposure. Flash burn, ground glass eye ball, snow blindness, cone vision

A

Cone vision

48
Q

Ultraviolet LED lighting is being utilized to produce Ultraviolet light with out the need of ______ and ________

A

Filters, high power requirements

49
Q

What is the desired wavelength that excites fluorescent penetrant dyes?

A

365 nm

50
Q

Black lights with a damaged or cracked filter _________

A

Should never be used

51
Q

What device is used to measure ultraviolet and white light intensity for liquid penetrant testing?

A

Radiometers

52
Q

________ of the penetrant material are taken when new and stored in sealed containers where they are not subject to deterioration from heat, light, or evaporation

A

Control sample

53
Q

What is the two-segment comparator block used for comparing different penetrant samples. Is made from?

A

Aluminum

54
Q

A Tam panel is a chromed stainless steel test piece that provides a quick means by which a penetrant testing process can be checked for serviceability. How many starburst cracks are on the standard tam panel

A

5

55
Q

What is the generally accepted temperature range for liquid penetrant testing?

A

4°c to 52°c

56
Q

Deterioration of penetrants primarily results from

A

Aging, contamination, temperature

57
Q

________ can occur during storage and use. It can affect the ability of the penetrant system. The most common one being water.

A

Contamination

58
Q

Normal contact time for an emulsifier is _______

A

45 seconds

59
Q

_______ involve processing a test specimen with known defects to determine if the process will reveal discontinuities of the size required.

A

Performance checks

60
Q

Discontinuities that are related to the melting and original solidification of the molten metal, ingot, or casting, are classified as:

A

Inherent

61
Q

Hot tears are classified as:

A

Casting discontinuities

62
Q

Name six types of precleaning

A

Detergent cleaning
Solvents
Ultrasonic cleaners
Descaling solutions
Paint removers
Abrasive blasting

63
Q

List the steps in a post emulsified penetrant process

A

Pre clean
Apply post emulsified penetrant
Water wash
Apply emulsifier
Water wash
Apply aqueous developer
Dry
Inspect
Post clean

64
Q

List the four methods of excess penetrant removal

A

Method a: water washable
Method b: post emulsified (lipophilic)
Method c: solvent removable
Method d: post emulsified (hydrophilic)

65
Q

Define wetting ability

A

The ability of a liquid to spread over and adhere to solid surface

66
Q

Define surface tension

A

A condition that exits at the free surface of a body (as a liquid) by reason of intermolecular forces about the individual surface molecules and is manifested by properties resembling those of an elastic skin under tension.

67
Q

Define capillary action

A

The tendency of liquids to penetrate or migrate into small openings, such as cracks, pits or fissures

68
Q

Describe four properties of a good penetrant

A

Hold a dye material in suspension

The ability to carry the dye into a discontinuity open to the surface

Able to coaxed dye back up to the developed surface

The ability, when desired, to be easily removed

69
Q

List the six minimum steps for the solvent removal process

A

1- dry wipe the surface of the part in one direction with lint free rag.
2- surface should be wiped with one pass in one direction with a rag moistened with cleaner
3- one dry pass followed by one damp pass is all that is recommended
4- additional wiping may sometimes be necessary
5- allow to dry
6- apply non aqueous developer

70
Q

List five regions and ranges of the ultraviolet spectrum

A

Vacuum uv (40-190 nm)
Far uv (190-220 nm)
Uvc (220-290 nm)
Uvb ( 290-320 nm)
Uva (320-400 nm)

71
Q

List six advantages of ultraviolet LED lighting

A

Reduction in maintenance costs and relamping expenses

Reducing the overall operating costs of an led equipped system overall the entire course of its life time

LEDs offer a compact size that allows them to produce intense illumination in portable packages

Longer operational life

Retain more luminosity as they reach the end of their life cycle

No need for filters or high power requirements

72
Q

List the three eye disorders resulting from uv exposure.

A

Ground glass eye ball
Snow blindness
Welders flash

73
Q

Define inherent discontinuities

A

Occurs when metal is molten and malleable during the casting process

74
Q

Define processing discontinuities

A

Occurs during manufacturing process machining, extruding, rolling, welding ect

75
Q

Service discontinuities

A

Associated with usage of the materials during its service life. Conditions such as stress, corrosion, fatigue, and erosion are caused by the everyday use of the material. It can affect mechanical, chemical properties as well as how stress is distributed throughout the material.

76
Q

List six common liquid penetrant system performance checks

A

Light intensity check, white light

Wash temperature and pressure check

Dryer temperature check

Comparator block

Light intensity check black light

Aerosol can spray nozzle check

77
Q

List six components of the human eye:

A

Iris
Pupil
Cornea
Lens
Retina
Optik nerve

78
Q

Define photopic vision

A

Vision under well-lit conditions, which provides color perception.

79
Q

Define scotopic vision

A

Monochromatic vision in very low light

80
Q

Define mesopic vision

A

A combination of photopic vision and scotopic vision in low lighting

81
Q

List eight human factors affecting quality testing

A

Lack of communication
Lack of resources
Complacency
Pressure
Lack of knowledge
Lack of assertiveness
Distraction
Stress

82
Q

Which cgsb document governs “non-destructive testing- qualification and certification of ndt personnel” in Canada?

A

Cgsb 48.9712

83
Q

Define false indications

A

Penetrant indications that occur on the surface of the test specimen due to improper processing or contamination

84
Q

Define relevant indications

A

Penetrant indications on the surface of the specimen that are caused by a discontinuity

85
Q

Define non-relevant indications

A

Penetrant indications that are true indications that are present by design and are in no way detrimental to the usefulness of the test specimen

86
Q

Define acceptance criteria

A

Specified indicators or measures employed in assessing the ability of a component, structure, or system to perform its intended function.

87
Q

List ten items that should be recorded on a pt test report

A

Liquid penetrant type (visible or fluorescent)

Examination personnel identity and qualification level

Results of Examination, identifying type, size, and location of defects

Material and thickness

Lighting equipment

Identification of object being examined

Acceptance standard code

Equipment used and method of inspection

Pre-cleaning details, if applications

Report number, client and job number, date and time

88
Q

What are the different ways of applying dry developer?

A

Soft brush, powder gun, hand powder bulb, or by other means as long as the powder is dusted evenly over the entire surface being examined.

89
Q

How long shall an examiner be in a darkened area prior to performing an inspection with a black light?

A

The examiner should be in a darkened room five minutes prior to performing an examination with black light

90
Q

What are the allowables for part temperature during an LPI inspection?

A

Should not be below 40°F (5°c) nor above 125°F (52°C)

91
Q

When would a revised procedure be required?

A

A change of requirement in an essential variable shall require requalification of the written procedure

92
Q

What are the typical discontinuities that can be found using LPI

A

Lamination
Cold shuts
Porosity
Laps
Cracks
Seams

93
Q

List the typical cleaning agents that may be used in LPI inspections?

A

Paint removers
Detergents
Descaling solution
Organic solvents

94
Q

If not practical to conduct an LPI examination within the allowable temperature range, what must be done

A

Examination procedure requires qualification. At the proposed lower or higher temperature ranges of the penetrant materials and processing

95
Q

Can water washable penetrants be retested

A

A retest with a water washable penetrant may cause a loss of marginal indications due to contamination

96
Q

What are the restrictions to removing solvent penetrant upon completion of the dwell time?

A

Some of the restrictions of removing solvent penetrant include flushing the surface with solvent, following the application of the penetrant, and prior to developing

97
Q

What is the time required for hydrophilic emulsification?

A

Shall not be more than two minutes unless a longer time is qualified for a specific part

Liquid Penetrant (1 decks)

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