PT Vocabulary HW: Sanjana Adimulam PD:4 Flashcards
Atom
The basic particles from which all elements are made.
Nucleus
The central core of the atom
Subatomic particle
Proton, Neutron, or Electron
Proton
A positivity (+) charged particle that is part of the nucleus
Atomic Mass Unit
Unit used to measure the masses of the particles in the nucleus of an atom. A proton has a mass of 1 amu
Neutron
A small particle in the nucleus of an atom, with no charge. (neutral)
Atomic Number
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Isotope
Atom that has the same number of protons as another atom of the same element but different number of neutrons
Mass number
Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic Mass
The average mass of all isotopes of an element. (see mass number and isotope above)
Electron
Negatively charged (-) particle that is found in an area outside the nucleus of an atom.
Electron Cloud
Name for the space in which electrons are likely to be found outside the nucleus of an atom.
Energy Level
The specific amount of energy an electron has.
Periodic Table
A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
Chemical Symbol
A one or two letter representation of an element
Group
Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; group
Family
Another name for the elements in vertical columns of the periodic table; group
Period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
Metal
A class of elements characterized by physical properties that include conductivity, luster, ductility, and malleability. (Tends to lose electrons)
Luster
Shininess
Conductivity
The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object
Reactivity
The ease of speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds
Ductile
A term used to describe a material that can be drawn or pulled into a thin wire.
Malleable
A term that describes a material that can be hammered into a thin sheet.
Corrosion
The gradual wearing away of metal due to chemical reaction.
Non-metal
An element that lacks most of the properties of a metal. Often has a dull surface, is brittle, breaks easily, and tends to gain electrons.
Metalloid
An element that has characteristic of both metals and nonmetals.
Alkali Metal
An element in Group 1 of the periodic table; elements have 1 valance electron
Alkaline Earth Metals
An element in Group 2 of periodic table ; elements have 2 valance electrons
Transition Metal
One of the elements in groups 3-12 of the periodic table
Noble Gas
An element in Group 18 of the periodic table; elements have 8 valance electrons and are extremely unreactive.
Particle accelerator
A machine that moves atomic nuclei at higher speeds until they crash into one another, sometimes forming heavier elements.
Halogen
An element found in Group 17 of the periodic table; elements have 7 valance electrons
Boron Family
Elements found in Group 13 of the periodic table; elements have 3 valance electrons
Carbon Family
Elements found in Group 14 of the periodic table; elements have 4 valance electrons
Nitrogen Family
Elements found in Group 15 of the periodic table; elements have 5 valance electrons
Oxygen Family
Elements found in Group 16 of the periodic table; elements have 6 valance electrons
