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PT NBCE review Flashcards

NBCE boards

1
Q

What is the distance requirement for microwave diathermy?

A

1 - 5 inches

no towels

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2
Q

Ankle sprain brace

A

Louisana Figure 8

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3
Q

Can ultrasound be used for prostatitis?

A

Yes, with orifice

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4
Q

What are the superficial modalities that only penetrate 1-2 mm?

A

IR

UV

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5
Q

Which type of bath uses no liquids?

A

Fluidotherapy

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6
Q

What are the intensity and duration max using Faradic wave form?

A

Intensity = patient tolerance

Max time = 20 minutes

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7
Q

Exercise that shortens the muscle very quickly

A

Ballistic

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8
Q

A Kromayer-Water cooled device is associated with which modality?

A

Hot Quartz UV

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9
Q

Which modality is Russian Stim?

A

Interferential

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10
Q

Which type of bath is used to treat chronic RA?

A

Paraffin bath

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11
Q

Transverse friction massage is contraindicated for what 2 conditions?

A

Ca Tendonitis

Bursitis

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12
Q

What is the duration requirement for short wave diathermy?

A

20 - 30 minutes

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13
Q

What are Bobath exercises indicated for?

A

Cerebal Palsy (or UMNL diseases)

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14
Q

What is the duration time for Galvanic modalities?

A

5 - 20 minutes per day

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15
Q

Which galvanic polarity pad would you place over an area of tissue in order to vasodilate?

A

Pos = hardens

Neg = softens & softens dilates

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16
Q

The effect of a contrast bath is what?

A

vascular pumping

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17
Q

What is the distance requirement for short wave diathermy?

A

1 towel directly on skin

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18
Q

Acids are (pos/neg/neutral)?

A

Electronegative and attracted to the positive pole (anode)

Anode attracts anions, which are neg ions

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19
Q

Heat produced is directly proportional to the square of the current strength is called what?

A

Joule’s law

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20
Q

deepest heating modality

A

Ultrasound

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21
Q

Would you treat a patient with hypertension using traction?

A

No - HTN is contra indicated

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22
Q

The brain, heart, eyes, carotid sinuses, pacemakers, low back or abdomen during pregnancy, open wounds are all contraindications for which modalities?

A

Any Electrical modality

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23
Q

During joint inflammation, what type of exercise is administered? (passive/active)

A

Passive

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24
Q

Chilblain is a contraindication to which modality?

A

cryotherapy

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25
Q

How long should one be in a whirlpool bath?

A

20 - 30 min at twice daily

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26
Q

What tool would you use to determine the extent of neuromuscular damage using an electrical device as the stimulus while a graph records the response?

A

EMG

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27
Q

Muscle contraction with length shortening is called what?

A

Concentric contraction

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28
Q

Best modality to increase circulation

A

IR

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29
Q

Which type of muscle contraction changes length while constantly changing pressure or resistance is offered to the muscle at a constant speed?

A

Isokinetic

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30
Q

What are the lumbar spine traction guidelines?

A

Patient supine with knees flexed

25% of body weight

increase 5 lbs

Max = patient tolerance or 150 lbs, whichever is less

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31
Q

Example of closed chain exercise

A

Squats

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32
Q

What is the intensity requirement for short wave diathermy?

A

patient tolerance

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33
Q

Which type of bath would be used to treat prostatitis?

A

Sitz bath

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34
Q

Crawling exercises to mobilize the spine

A

Clayton

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35
Q

The most indicated modality for fracture?

A

Micro current

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36
Q

Which modality is based on Gate Theory and Opiate Theory?

A

TENS

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37
Q

The type of heat transfer used in a hot tub

A

convection

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38
Q

Late state diabetes mellitus, active TB, encapsulated swellings, decreased thermal sensations, and abdomen/low back during pregnancy are all contraindications for which modalities?

A

Any heating modality

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39
Q

Which modality is used for treatment of Herpes Zoster?

A

UV

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40
Q

The intensity of radiation from any light source varies inverseley with the square of the distance from the source. This is called what?

A

The Inverse Square Law

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41
Q

What is the size and function of A-delta fibers

A

Small, Slow

Pain, Temp, Touch

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42
Q

True / False

Raynaud’s is contra-indicated for IR

A

False

Raynaud’s is Indicated for IR

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43
Q

Which type of muscle contraction has no change in muscle length and no joint movement?

A

Isometric

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44
Q

What are the traction recommendations for the C-spine

A

28 deg of flexion

5% of body weight

2 lbs increment increases

max weight = 40 lbs or patient tolerance, which ever is less.

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45
Q

To reduce pain and stimulate nerves, which mode setting is used with HVG?

A

Continuous mode

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46
Q

Which modality has the effect of increased histamine release?

A

UV

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47
Q

Petrissage massage consists of what type of hand strokes?

A

Kneading

(baking your pet)

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48
Q

ACL/PCL knee brace

A

Lennox-Hill

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49
Q

The type of heat transfer used with a hydrocollator pack?

A

conduction

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50
Q

What response would you expect for a Total (Full) Reaction of Degeneration if Galvanic Wave Form was used?

A

Athetoid (slow & withering)

Vermicular (slow like a worm)

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51
Q

Cathode attracts which type of ions?

A

Cathodes are neg and attract pos ions

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52
Q

What is the only type of Reaction of Degeneration in which a nerve will respond to a FARADIC wave?

A

Partial ROD

All other RODs, there is no response to Faradic

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53
Q

Degree of erythema showing no reaction?

A

0 degree Erythema

(or suberythmal dose)

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54
Q

Example of open-chain exercise

A

Knee Extension

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55
Q

Severe laxity of the Cervical spine would require what type of support?

A

Philadelphia collar

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56
Q

What is the temp requirement of a paraffin bath?

A

125 - 130 deg F

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57
Q

Is diathermy deep or superficial penetration?

A

Deep, 2 inches

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58
Q

To Re-Educate and Strengthen muscles, what mode is chosen using HVG?

A

Interrupted mode

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59
Q

True/False

Raynaud’s is contra indicated for all forms of Cryotherapy

A

True

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60
Q

What recovery time prognosis can be given for an Absolute Reaction of Degeneration diagnosis?

A

No recovery

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61
Q

Degree of erythema which is similar to common sun burn?

A

2nd degree Erythema

(or 1st degree burn)

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62
Q

Degree of erythema showing considerable reddening with itching, burning, and marked desquamation (peeling), blistering

A

(3rd degree erythema or 2nd degree burn)

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63
Q

Which modality has the highest intra-articular penetration?

A

Interferential

64
Q

Exercise to develop coordination

A

Frenkel

(wooble board)

65
Q

Exercises where the hand or foot are fixed in space are called what?

A

Closed kinetic chain exercises

66
Q

Which type of muscle contraction is changing length and joint movement is against a constant weight?

67
Q

What are the time requirements for ultra sound?

A

Chronic Injuries = 10 minutes

Acute injuries = 4 minutes

68
Q

Low back or abdomen during pregnancy is a contraindication for which modalities?

A

Any heating or any electrical modality

69
Q

Interruption of George’s Line would require what type of support

A

Firm Cervical Collar

70
Q

Galvanic

ABBSSS (A B-square S-cube)

“Bases”

A

Adhesions

Bursitis

Bruises

Scars

Sprain

Strains

All uses bases, are pos, and attracted to neg pole

Bases are used to treat the above.

71
Q

What is the size and function of A-beta fibers

A

Large size

Fast proprioception

72
Q

Degree of erythema shows reddening without desquamation

A

Minimal (deg = 1)

73
Q

What are the intensity requirements for ultrasound?

A

Acute = Pulsed = 0.5 - 1.5 W/cm2

Chronic = Continuous = 1.0 - 2.0 W/cm2

Under water = add 0.5 W/cm2 to each

74
Q

What is the intensity requirement of long wave IR?

75
Q

Which galvanic polarity pad would you place over an area of tissue in order to vasoconstrict?

A

Pos = hardens

Neg = softens

Hardens = constricts = Positive

76
Q

Vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation is called the ____ Reaction

A

Hunting Lewis

77
Q

Exercises for peripheral vascular diseases

A

Buerger-Allen

78
Q

Anode attracts which type of ions?

A

Anode is positive and attracts neg ions

79
Q

Scoliosis brace worn 23 hrs per day

A

Milwaukee brace

80
Q

Which modality has the effect of increased Vit D?

81
Q

What is the max time requirement for UV lamp?

A

Start at mild erythema

Increase time by 15 sec

Max time = 3 minutes

82
Q

Would you treat hyperlordosis with traction?

83
Q

Exercises for the shoulder girdle

84
Q

A brace indicated for SI hypermobility is called what?

A

SI girdle (Trochanteric belt)

85
Q

Bases are (pos/neg/neutral)?

A

Electro-positive

Cathode attracts cations (+ ions) and therefore bases are attracted to the cathode. The Cathode is a neg electrode.

86
Q

Modality used to treat superficial infections

87
Q

What is the cosine law say about UV treatments?

A

Optimum when UV source is at right angle to the area treated

88
Q

MC used UV source

A

Cold UV (Hg & Ne)

89
Q

What does modulation do in IFC?

A

Prevents muscle accomodation by changing frequency

90
Q

What is the distance requirement for Ultra Sound?

A

Coupled to the skin

91
Q

Which Waveform uses alternating current?

92
Q

What is the intensity requirement for microwave diathermy?

A

varies by power used

between 1 inch at low power

to 5 inches at high power

93
Q

Exercises for low back pain involving flexion

94
Q

Vapocoolant spray is an example of which modality?

A

cryotherapy

95
Q

For every 10 deg C of temp increase there is a 2.5X increase in oxidation rate is the definition of which law of physics?

A

Van Hopf’s

96
Q

2 types of IR

A

short wave

long wave

97
Q

What is the Cobb Angle required for a scoliosis patient to be considered for bracing?

A

20 - 40 deg

98
Q

What is eliminated with pulsed ultrasound over continuous ultrasound?

99
Q

What are the wavelengths of UV?

A

Short = 180 - 270 nm

Long = 270 - 390 nm

100
Q

What is the duration requirement for microwave diathermy?

A

10 - 20 minutes

101
Q

Distance between an IR lamp and patient is:

A

14 - 18 inches

102
Q

Exercise for incontinence

103
Q

Severe laxity of the Cervical spine would require what type of support?

A

Philadelphia collar

104
Q

3 best treatments for pain are

A

interferrential (IFC)

TENS

High Volt

105
Q

The type of heat transfer used with all forms of diathermy

A

conversion

106
Q

What are the physiologic effects of Interferential?

A

Decrease Edema

Muscle Contraction

Decrease Pain

107
Q

What are the actions of the Rotator Cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus = ABduction

Infraspinatus = External Rot

Teres Minor = External Rot

Subscapularis = Internal Rot

108
Q

What is the diapulse device used for in diathermy?

A

Tx of adrenals or immuno system

109
Q

The type of heat transfer used with an IR lamp

110
Q

Neuralgia or radiculitis is an indication for which modality?

111
Q

Which modality has an indicator of chronic ulcers?

112
Q

What reovery time prognosis can be given for a Partial Reaction of Degeneration diagnosis?

A

Up to 2 weeks

113
Q

Which modality used piezoelectric crystals?

A

Ultra sound

114
Q

What is the effect of fluidotherapy?

A

vasodilate

115
Q

Temp range of a cold bath should be:

A

55 - 65 deg F

116
Q

What is the intensity requirement of short wave IR?

A

150 - 1500 W

117
Q

What is the time dosage of Interferential?

A

20 - 30 minutes

118
Q

What are the contra indications of TENS?

A

H I M

Hemorrhage

Infections

Malignancy

119
Q

What is the size and function of C-fibers?

A

Smallest

pain

120
Q

What is a Hubbert Tank used for?

A

Burn patients

121
Q

Beurger’s Disease is a contra indication for which modality?

A

Cryotherapy

Massage

122
Q

Named exercise to increase muscle strength by increasing resistance

123
Q

Pulsed Ultrasound is used for which type of injuries?

124
Q

Which galvanic polarity pad would you place over an area of acute pain?

125
Q

Which modality has minor burns as an indicator?

126
Q

To prevent muscle accomodation with HVG, how must the machine settings be changed?

A

Use of Switch Rate mode

127
Q

Contra indicated for all baths are what conditions?

A

Vascular disorders

Temp sensation loss

128
Q

Type of heat transmission used with water bottles

A

Conduction

IR

129
Q

Exercises for low back pain involving extension

130
Q

Exercise with biofeedback to aid in relaxation

131
Q

Which galvanic polarity pad would you place over an area of tissue hardness to soften it?

A

Neg polarity softens tissue

132
Q

Best modality for an acute injury is what?

A

Pulsed Ultrasound

133
Q

Kayoki exercises are used for which muscle group?

134
Q

Exercises where the hand or foot are free to move are called what?

A

Open kinetic chain exercises

135
Q

Hemorrhage, Infection with suppuration, and malignancy are all contraindications for which modalities?

A

All modalities

136
Q

Temp range of a hot bath should be:

A

98 - 105 deg F

137
Q

Muscle contraction with elongation is called what?

A

Eccentric contraction

138
Q

What is the butterfly electrode used for?

A

Tx of sinusitis with short wave diathermy

139
Q

Which galvanic polarity would you place over an area of chronic pain?

140
Q

A UV light filtered thru a Nickel-oxide glass is associated with which modality?

A

Woods Lamp UV

141
Q

What is the distance requirement for a UV lamp?

A

Start at 30-36 inches, which ever produces a mild erythema

Decr distance by 2 inches

Minimum distance = 18 inches

142
Q

Tapotement massage consists of what type of hand strokes?

A

percussion

143
Q

What safety apparatus is used for micro wave diathermy?

A

Goggles - avoid cataracts

144
Q

A hydrocollator pack is what type of modality?

A

Long wave IR

145
Q

Cervical brace for severe injury

A

Philadelphia collar

146
Q

Which electrical pad is larger when using a wave form for treatment?

A

Active pad is small and placed on Tx site

Dispersal pad is large and placed on a proximal limb far away from Tx site

147
Q

Cervical brace for mild injury

A

Firm Cervical collar

148
Q

What recovery time prognosis can be given for a FULL Reaction of Degeneration diagnosis?

A

Recover time up to 1 year.

149
Q

Which modality has an indicator of rickets and osteomalacia?

150
Q

Which wave form works better for a Partial Reaction of Degeneration?

A

There are 2 wave forms,

Faradic & Galvanic

Galvanic works better for all RODs except for absolute ROD when there is no response to either treatment

151
Q

Carpal Tunnel Brace

A

Cock-up splint

152
Q

What are the physiological effects of faradic?

A

Fibrous tissue stretching

Muscle contraction

Hyperemia

Increase Lymph flow

153
Q

If no cervial laxity is found, what type of cervical support is used?

A

Soft foam collar

154
Q

What is the Sleeve Test?

A

Used to test patient tolerance to UV

155
Q

Effeurage massage consists of what type of hand strokes?

156
Q

Time requirement for orificial UV to treat sore throat?

A

10 - 15 sec

157
Q

What is the sensory reaction to cryotherapy following the sensation of coldness?

A

Burning

CBAIN

Cold

Burning

Aching

Itch

Numbness (anesthesia)

Irene Gold PT (1 decks)

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