PT in the educational environment Flashcards

0
Q

Landmark decisions in the Supreme Court in the ________________ paved the way for subsequent legislation guaranteeing the rights of those with disabilities.

A

Early 1970s

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1
Q

Education of children with disabilities went from ___________ to ______________ over the last _______ years.

A

Segregation; inclusion; 50

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2
Q

IDEA

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

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3
Q

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

A
  • Special education and related services
  • Early intervening services
  • Response to intervention (RTI)
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4
Q

RTI

A

Response to Intervention

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5
Q

ESEA

A

Elementary and Seconday Education Act

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6
Q

Education and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

A

No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

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7
Q

NCLB

A

No Child Left Behind

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8
Q

ADA

A

Americans with Disabilities Act

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9
Q

Current Laws

A
  • IDEA (-RTI)
  • ESEA (-NCLB)
  • Section 504
  • ADA
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10
Q

IDEA - historical perspective

A
  • PL 94-142: 1975
  • PL 99-457: 1986
    • added early intervention
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11
Q

In ________, ____________ of IDEA became ___________.

A

1997; Part H; Part C

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12
Q

Public Law 93-112 aka

A

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

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13
Q

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 aka

A

Public Law 93-112

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14
Q

Public Law 93-112 - Rehabilitation Act of 1973

A

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

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15
Q

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act states

A

No discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance

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16
Q

Section 504 of the _________________ is associated with

A

Rehabilitation Act; Public Law 93-112 (aka Rehabilitation Act of 1973)

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17
Q

Public Law 94-142 aka

A

Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act in 1975

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18
Q

Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act in 1975 aka

A

Public Law 94-142

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19
Q

Public Law 94-142 - Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act in 1975 provided for _______________________ for all children with disabilities from the age of ____ to ____ years OR _____________________.

A

Free appropriate public education; 6; 21; from 5 years if that was the age in a particular state when children normally began public school.

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20
Q

Free appropriate public education for all children with disabilities from the age of 6 to 21 years is associated with which public law?

A

Public Law 94-142 - Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act in 1975

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21
Q

Principles enacted with PL 94-142

A
  • Zero reject
  • Least restrictive environment
  • Parental participation
  • Nondiscriminatory evaluation
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22
Q

PL stands for

A

Public Law

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23
Q

IDEIA

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

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24
Q

IDEIA was implemented in what year?

A

2004

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25
Q

What is the purpose of IDEIA?

A

Ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living.

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26
Q

The purpose of IDEIA is to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a ____________________ that emphasizes __________________________ designed to _________________ and prepare them for ______________________________.

A

free appropriate public education; special education and related services; meet their unique needs; further education, employment, and independent living

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27
Q

IDEIA - Part A

A

General Provisions

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28
Q

IDEIA - Part B

A

Assistance for Education of All Children with Disabilities

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30
Q

IDEIA - Part C

A

Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities

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31
Q

IDEIA - Part D

A

National Activities to Improve Education of Children with Disabilities
- including personnel development

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32
Q

Service Provision for Children Ages 3-21 falls under which section of IDEIA?

A

Part B

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33
Q

(Part B) of IDEIA includes ______________________ for children ages __ - __.

A

service provision; 3; 21

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34
Q

(Part B) of IDEIA includes a set of ___________________ that are important to understand.

A

operational definitions

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35
Q

(Part B) of IDEIA stipulates that ______________, _____________, and _______________ must be provided by a “________________________ and the _______________________”

A

assessment; planning; service delivery; multidisciplinary team of qualified professionals; parent of the child

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36
Q

According of (Part B) of IDEIA, the “multidisciplinary team of qualified professionals and the parent of the child” must include who?

A

parent, special education teacher, regular education teacher, other relevant personnel

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37
Q

___________________ -> Regulation

A

Statute

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38
Q

Statute -> _____________________

A

Regulation

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39
Q

Define regulation

A

foundation for implementation

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40
Q

Regulation hierarchy

A
  • Federal
  • State
  • Local policies & procedures
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41
Q

Where are the final regulations recorded?

A

Federal Register

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42
Q

The Federal Register contains what information?

A

Final Regulations

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43
Q

Final Regulations are ________________ in the __________________________.

A

codified; Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

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44
Q

CFR stands for

A

Code of Federal Regulations

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45
Q

Regarding implementation of the law, specificity increases in which direction?

A

Federal -> State -> Local school or district

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46
Q

The local school or district has (less, more) specificity than Federal.

A

more

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47
Q

The state has (less, more) specificity than Federal.

A

more

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48
Q

The local school or district has (less, more) specificity than State.

A

more

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49
Q

The state has (less, more) specificity than the local school or district.

A

less

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50
Q

Federal has (less, more) specificity than State.

A

less

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51
Q

Federal has (less, more) specificity than the local school or district.

A

less

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52
Q

Regulations are developed by who?

A

designated agency of authority

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53
Q

The designated agency of authority at the Federal level is the __________________________.

A

US Department of Education

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54
Q

The designated agency of authority at the State level is the __________________________.

A

State Department / Agency of Education

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55
Q

The designated agency of authority at the Local level is the __________________________.

A

School District

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56
Q

The US Department of Education is the designated agency of authority at what level of government?

A

Federal

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57
Q

The State Department / Agency of Education is the designated agency of authority at what level of government?

A

State

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58
Q

The School District is the designated agency of authority at what level of government?

A

Local

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59
Q

What is the order of the statutory process pyramid from bottom to top?

A

Constitutional Law -> Statutory Law (Statutes) -> Regulatory Law (Regulations)

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60
Q

Reauthorization occurs at what level of the statutory process?

A
Statutory Law (Statutes)
- Middle level of pyramid
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61
Q

Case Law occurs at what level of the statutory process?

A
Regulatory Law (Regulations)
- Top level of pyramid
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62
Q

What is the order of the statutory process pyramid from top to bottom?

A

Regulatory Law (Regulations) -> Statutory Law (Statutes) -> Constitutional Law

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63
Q

What is the middle level of the statutory process pyramid?

A

Statutory Law (Statutes)

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64
Q

What is the top level of the statutory process pyramid?

A

Regulatory Law (Regulations)

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65
Q

What is the bottom level of the statutory process pyramid?

A

Constitutional Law

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66
Q

In the transdisciplinary model, who assesses the child?

A

team members jointly

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67
Q

Team members jointly assess the child in the ___________________ Model.

A

Transdisciplinary

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68
Q

What is the parents’ role in the Transdisciplinary Model?

A

full and active participants

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69
Q

Parents are full and active participants in which Model?

A

Transdisciplinary

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70
Q

In the transdisciplinary model, who is assigned to implement the plan with the family?

A

primary service provider

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71
Q

In the transdisciplinary model, ________________, ________________, and ________________ are continuously shared among ____________________.

A

information; knowledge; skills; team members

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72
Q

In the transdisciplinary model, there is a commitment to __________, ___________, and _______________________ to implement a _______________.

A

teach; learn; work together across disciplinary boundaries; unified service plan

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73
Q

Information, knowledge, and skills are continously shared among team members in which Model?

A

Transdisciplinary

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74
Q

There is a commitment to teach, learn, and work together across disciplinary boundaries to implement a unified service plan in which Model?

A

Transdisciplinary

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75
Q

Which Model is a combination of a transdisciplinary team functioning in an integrated service delivery model?

A

Collaborative

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76
Q

The Collaborative Model is the combination of ________________________ functioning in __________________________.

A

a transdisciplinary team; an integrated service delivery model

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77
Q

There was suddenly a legal mandate for PT services in the public schools when what Act was passed? What year was this?

A

Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act

1976

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78
Q

What is the significance of the Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act?

A

There was suddenly a legal mandate for PT services in public schools

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79
Q

When the Education for All Handicapped Children’s Act was passed, therapists to provide the required services were ____________________________________.

A

in high demand and short supply

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80
Q

A referral can be made by who?

A

parent, state agency, or local educational agency

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81
Q

Regarding Referral, what must be developed for the student before initiation of a related service?

A

Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)

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82
Q

IEP stands for

A

Individualized Educational Plan

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83
Q

A ____________________ is recommended for students with complex medical needs.

A

physician referral

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84
Q

Why is a physician referral recommended for students with complex medical needs?

A

to formalize a process for needed communication with the referring physician

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85
Q

True or False: PTs may screen a child as a preliminary step and help direct the process of subsequent referral.

A

True

86
Q

True or False: PTs may NOT screen a child as a preliminary step and help direct the process of subsequent referral.

A

False

87
Q

IDEIA requires a “_________________________” to determine disability / effect on education.

A

full and individualized initial evaluation

88
Q

IDEIA requires a “full and individualized initial evaluation” to _____________________________.

A

determine disability / effect on education

89
Q

True/False: An evaluation requires parental consent.

A

True

90
Q

True/False: An evaluation does not require parental consent.

A

False

91
Q

True/False: An evaluation must be completed within 60 school days after receiving consent.

A

True

92
Q

True/False: An evaluation must be completed within 30 school days after receiving consent.

A

False

93
Q

What should be included with the evaluation?

A

an assessment of the student’s ability to participate in and benefit from the educational environment

94
Q

True/False: Transportation on the school bus; entering and exiting the bathroom and toileting; eating; and negotiating hallways, doors, distances, stairs should be included in the assessment/evaluation.

A

True

95
Q

True/False: Transportation on the school bus; entering and exiting the bathroom and toileting; eating; and negotiating hallways, doors, distances, stairs should NOT be included in the assessment/evaluation.

A

False

96
Q

At least one _______________________, either ____________________ or _____________________ should be included in the assessment/evaluation.

A

standardized measure; norm-referenced; criterion-referenced

97
Q

List common tests

A
  • Bruinicks Osteresky Test of Motor Performance
  • School Function Assessment
  • Mobility Opportunities Via Education
  • Gross Motor Function Measure
  • School Outcome Measures
98
Q

When determining eligibility for related services under IDEIA, results should be understandable by who?

A

all personnel working with child

99
Q

True/False: Under the provisions of IDEIA, a child who does not need special education is eligible to receive related services.

A

False

100
Q

True/False: Under the provisions of IDEIA, a child who does not need special education is NOT eligible to receive related services.

A

True

101
Q

How many levels of service are there in the Waukesha Delivery Model?

A

4

102
Q

The four levels of service in the Waukesha Delivery Model are based on what?

A

the rate of change in the student’s physical or functional status

103
Q

Each level of the Waukesha Delivery Model defines what?

A
  • purpose of the intervention
  • intensity of service
  • personnel responsibilities for the delivery of service
104
Q

In the Waukesha Delivery Model, which students receive a greater amount of the therapist’s time and direct involvement?

A

those exhibiting more rapid rates of change

105
Q

In the Waukesha Delivery Model, students exhibiting more rapid rates of change receive what?

A

a greater amount of the therapist’s time and direct involvement

106
Q

“Cognitive Referencing” aka

A

“Performance Discrepancy Criteria”

107
Q

“Performance Discrepancy Criteria” aka

A

“Cognitive Referencing”

108
Q

“Cognitive Referencing” or “Performance Discrepancy Criteria” is what?

A

a model that presumes a positive correlation between cognitive and motor development and an upper limit for development based on a child’s cognitive abilities

109
Q

“Cognitive Referencing” or “Performance Discrepancy Criteria” is a model that presumes a ____________________ between ___________________________ and an ________________ for development based on _________________________________.

A

positive correlation; cognitive and motor development; upper limit; a child’s cognitive abilities

110
Q

“Cognitive Referencing” or “Performance Discrepancy Criteria” states that children are eligible for physical therapy services only if what?

A

motor skills are significantly lower than cognitive abilities

111
Q

According to “Cognitive Referencing” or “Performance Discrepancy Criteria”, if a child’s ____________________ are significantly lower than ______________________, he/she is eligible for physical therapy services.

A

motor skills; cognitive abilities

112
Q

True/False: According to “Cognitive Referencing” or “Performance Discrepancy Criteria”, a child whose cognitive abilities are significantly lower than motor skills is eligible for PT services.

A

False

113
Q

True/False: According to “Cognitive Referencing” or “Performance Discrepancy Criteria”, a child whose cognitive abilities are significantly higher than motor skills is eligible for PT services.

A

True

114
Q

What type of statute is the Rehabilitation Act, section 504, 1973?

A

Federal

115
Q

The Rehabilitation Act, section 504 ensures that

A

individuals with disabilities are provided equal opportunities

116
Q

What act from 1973 ensures that individuals with disabilities are provided equal opportunities?

A

Rehabilitation Act, section 504

117
Q

Provisions of the Rehabilitation Act are generally __________________ than those in IDEIA.

A

broader

118
Q

Because the provisions of the Rehabilitation Act are generally broader than those in IDEIA, it is used as a justification for what?

A

to expand a student’s eligibility for related services within the educational environment and/or the scope of intervention

119
Q

Why is the Rehabilitation Act used as justification to expand a student’s eligibility for related services within the educational environment and/or the scope of intervention?

A

Its provisions are generally broader than those in IDEIA

120
Q

The Rehabilitation Act is used as justification to expand a student’s _______________________ within the ___________________ and/or the ________________________________.

A

eligibility for related services; educational environment; scope of intervention

121
Q

The ________________________ ensures that students with disabilities receive an appropriate education even if special education is not required.

A

Rehabilitation Act, section 504

122
Q

The Rehabilitation Act, section 504, ensures that students with disabilities receive ________________________ even if _____________________________.

A

an appropriate education; special education is not required.

123
Q

If a student with a disability under the Rehabilitation Act is identified as being eligible for special education services, then what happens?

A

the process progresses to IEP development

124
Q

An IEP must be developed within how many calendar days of the determination of eligibility?

A

30

125
Q

True/False: An IEP must be developed within 60 calendar days of the determination of eligibility.

A

False

126
Q

True/False: An IEP must be developed within 30 calendar days of the determination of eligibility.

A

True

127
Q

When developing an IEP, ___________ of the child and _____________ of the parents for ____________________________________ must be considered.

A

strengths; concerns; enhancing the education of their child

128
Q

When developing an IEP, the results of the ___________ and the _____________, ______________, and ____________________________________ must be considered.

A

initial (or most recent) evaluation; academic; developmental; functional needs of the child

129
Q

The IEP is a statement of the child’s present levels of ______________________ and ___________________.

A

academic achievement; functional performance

130
Q

What is a statement of the child’s present levels of academic achievement and functional performance?

A

IEP (Individualized Education Plan)

131
Q

The IEP is a statement of measurable (monthly, annual) goals.

A

annual

132
Q

The IEP is a statement of the _________________ and related services and ______________________ and services.

A

special education; supplementary aids

133
Q

What explains the extent to which the child will not participate with nondisabled children in the regular class and in other activities?

A

IEP

134
Q

True/False: The IEP does not include a statement of accommodations that are necessary.

A

False

135
Q

True/False: The IEP does not include a projected date for the beginning of the services and modifications described.

A

False

136
Q

True/False: The IEP includes a statement of accommodations that are necessary.

A

True

137
Q

True/False: The IEP includes a projected date for the beginning of the services and modifications described.

A

True

138
Q

The IEP includes anticipated _____________, _____________, and _____________ of services and modifications.

A

frequency; location; duration

139
Q

Regarding the IEP, when does the transition to adulthood begin?

A

no later than the first IEP to be in effect when the child is 16

140
Q

Upon the transition to adulthood, the IEP contains appropriate measurable postsecondary goals based upon age-appropriate transition assessments related to what?

A
  • training
  • education
  • employment
  • independent living skills (where appropriate)
  • the transition service
141
Q

How often must an IEP be reviewed?

A

at least annually

142
Q

A comprehensive multi-year IEP is not to exceed what amount of time?

A

3 years

143
Q

A comprehensive multi-year IEP is designed to coincide with what?

A

the child’s natural transition points

144
Q

Regarding the IEP timeline, what are the child’s natural transition points?

A
  • preschool to elementary
  • elementary to middle school
  • middle school to secondary
  • secondary to postsecondary activities
145
Q

Regarding the IEP timeline, procedural safeguards are stipulated, and states must establish mechanisms for ____________________, __________________, and _______________.

A

due process; mediation; appeal

146
Q

Regarding the IEP timeline, states are required to ______________________ in specified priority areas and to _____________________.

A

establish quantifiable indicators; report data on outcomes

147
Q

Service Provision for Infants/Toddlers falls under which section of IDEIA?

A

Part C

148
Q

(Part C) of IDEIA describes who and what?

A

infants and toddlers with disabilities and the services provided for them

149
Q

IDEIA recognizes that early intervention is important to

A
  • enhance development
  • reduce educational costs to society
  • maximize independent living of disabled individuals
150
Q

IDEIA mandates that states must develop specific policies and procedures for children under 3 years who have experienced ___________________ or who have been affected by __________________ or __________________.

A

substantiated abuse or neglect; abuse of illegal substances; withdrawal symptoms as a result of prenatal drug exposure

151
Q

EI stands for

A

Early Intervention

152
Q

EI services include

A
  • PT, OT, ST
  • assistive technology devices and services
  • psychologic services
  • family training and counseling
  • diagnostic medical services
  • special instruction
  • social work
  • vision and hearing
  • related transportation
153
Q

True/False: There are different federal mandates and guidelines for evaluation under Part C.

A

False

154
Q

True/False: The same federal mandates and guidelines for evaluation apply under Part C.

A

True

155
Q

Assessment tools for evaluation under Part C

A
  • Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
  • Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2
  • Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory
156
Q

IFSP stands for

A

Infant Family Service Plan

157
Q

The IFSP is the equivalent of

A

the IEP for older children

158
Q

The IFSP must be developed by what kind of team?

A

multidisciplinary

159
Q

True/False: The multidisciplinary team that develops the IFSP must include the parents.

A

True

160
Q

True/False: The IFSP must include a description of appropriate transition services.

A

True

161
Q

What is an example of appropriate transition services?

A

transition from Part C to Part B at 3 years of age

162
Q

How often must the IFSP be evaluated?

A

once a year

163
Q

How often must the IFSP be reviewed?

A

6-month intervals or more often when appropriate

164
Q

With whom should the IFSP be reviewed?

A

the family

165
Q

Requirements of the IFSP

A
  • Present levels of physical development
  • Cognitive development
  • Communication development
  • Adaptive development
166
Q

Requirements of the IFSP (continued)

A
  • Family resources, priorities, concerns
  • Measurable results or expected outcomes
  • Specific early intervention services
  • Natural environments where EI services will appropriately be provided
167
Q

Requirements of the IFSP (continued, 2)

A
  • Projected dates for initiation of services
    • anticipated length, duration, frequency
  • Identification of service coordinator
  • Steps to support transition to preschool or other
    appropriate services
  • Provision for parental consent
168
Q

Program development/intervention under Parts B and C facilitates focus on

A

meaningful functional goals for the child and family

consideration of child’s unique needs within a broader context

169
Q

Program development/intervention under Parts B and C ensures that

A

parents are aware of their rights

parents are encouraged to be active participants in program planning for their children

170
Q

How are IEP/IFSP goals and objective stated?

A

as behaviors the student will demonstrate (not what will be done with the student)

171
Q

Inclusive Education requires states to develop ______________ and _____________.

A

policies; procedures

172
Q

Inclusive Education ensures that

A

children with disabilities are educated with children who are not disabled

173
Q

True/False: Inclusive Education applies only to private schools.

A

False

174
Q

True/False: Inclusive Education applies to public and private schools.

A

True

175
Q

Regarding Inclusive Education, when is the only time that special classes, separate schooling, or other removal of children with disabilities from the regular educational environment occur?

A

when the nature or severity of the disability is such that education in regular classes with supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily

176
Q

Models of Service Delivery

A
  • Hands-on intervention directly from PT or PTA
  • Isolated manner (e.g. separate PT tx area)
  • Integrated
177
Q

Regarding the Models of Service Delivery, what is the definition of “integrated”?

A

provided within the context of normal routines/activities in least restrictive or natural environments

178
Q

Indirect Service aka

A

monitoring

179
Q

Indirect Service (monitoring) involves establishing a _________________________ for a student, _____________________________, and _________________________ to ensure positive outcomes.

A

management program; instructing others to carry it out; monitoring the process

180
Q

Indirect Service (monitoring) requires that PTs can effectively

A

teach others

sell their “product”

181
Q

What is an example of the PT’s “product”?

A

the functional importance of the recommended intervention

182
Q

Indirect Service (monitoring) involves a partnership between

A

the PT and the recipient of the information exchange

183
Q

What is the role of the PTA in pediatrics?

A

to assist in provision of pediatric PT services with the exception of services for children who are physiologically unstable

184
Q

Who can the pediatric PTA not provide PT services for?

A

children who are physiologically unstable

185
Q

Assistive Technology is anything that is used to ______________, ______________, or _________________ of a child with a disability

A

increase; maintain; improve functional capabilities

186
Q

What is the goal of transition planning?

A
  • ensure continuity of service
  • minimize disruption to student and family
  • promote optimum service delivery
187
Q

STEPS stands for

A

Sequenced Transition to Education in the Public Schools

188
Q

STEPS involves the creation of _______________, ___________________, ___________________, and _________________, so that they can effectively __________________.

A

a responsive administrative structure; active involvement of families; preparation of the child; training for staff; facilitate the process

189
Q

True/False: PTs cannot and should not play an active role in transition planning.

A

False

190
Q

True/False: PTs can and should play an active role in transition planning.

A

True

191
Q

How often should the reevaluation of a child with a disability occur?

A

not more frequently than once a year

at least every 3 years

192
Q

PT must remain focused on the overall purpose of what?

A

related services under IDEIA

193
Q

Why must the PT remain focused on the overall purpose of related services under IDEIA?

A

to allow the child to benefit from special education

194
Q

True/False: Requirements for documentation are not stipulated in IDEIA

A

True

195
Q

Why would the IEP team consider related services outside of the regular school year to be necessary?

A

If a child served under Part B will experience substantial regression or loss of functional abilities if services are suspended (typically over the summer months) or if the child failed to make adequate progress toward his or her annual IEP goals

196
Q

Public Law 100-360 of 1988 was enacted to

A

allow states to utilize Medicaid funds to supplement the cost of providing related services for eligible children

197
Q

True/False: Rules and regulations about Medicaid eligibility and allocation of funds vary from state to state

A

True

198
Q

True/False: Rules and regulations about Medicaid eligibility and allocation of funds are the same in every state

A

False

199
Q

What can limit the ability of providers to select a delivery mode that is most appropriate and is the most efficient use of resources?

A

Rules and regulations about Medicaid eligibility and allocation of funds are frequently restricted to direct service

200
Q

Rules and regulations about Medicaid eligibility and allocation of funds are frequently restricted to ____________________

A

direct service

201
Q

True/False: Private insurance may be billed if parents give informed consent to do so

A

True

202
Q

True/False: Private insurance may not be billed even if parents give informed consent to do so

A

False

203
Q

One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to identify ____________________ and plan for _______________________.

A

architectural barriers; accessibility modification

204
Q

One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to establish __________ and ______________________ for the transport of children with disabilities on school-owned vehicles (e.g., buses)

A

guidelines; child-specific modifications

205
Q

One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to promote __________________________ by both educational personnel and students.

A

acceptance of students with disabilities

206
Q

One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to plan _____________________ for accessibility.

A

recreational areas

207
Q

One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to contribute to the development of ______________________________ of students with disabilities

A

safety procedures for emergency evacuation

208
Q

One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to collaborate with physical educators to develop “__________________________ motor programs”

A

mutually supportive and effective

209
Q

One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to participate with others in various prevention activities, including

A

screening programs; prevention and treatment of sports-related injuries; prevention of neck and back pain secondary to backpack use; development of conditioning programs; and/or educational programs for coaches, parents, and students

210
Q

One role of the PT in Program-Related Areas is to provide general ________________________ to programs.

A

environmental modifications