PT II Lesson 6

Question 1

What are 5 examples of false indications?

Answer 1

1) Finger prints

2) Contamination of developer

3) Penetrant rubbing off of one test object onto a clean part of the object

4) Penetrant spots from the testing table

5) Excessive penetrant on the background

Question 2

What are 5 examples of non-relevant indications?

Answer 2

1) Indications that show up on threads

2) Indications from pressed fitted objects

3) Indications from riveted objects

4) Indications from spot welds

5) Indications from rough surfaces

Question 3

What are the different discontinuity categories?

Answer 3

Inherent, processing, and service discontinuities

Question 4

Inherent discontinuities are…

Answer 4

associated with the original the melting or solidification of the molten metal, ingot, or casting

Question 5

Ingot discontinuities are those related to…

Answer 5

melting, pouring, and solidification

includes shrinkage, slag, porosity, cracks, and nonmetallic inclusions

Question 6

Inherent cast discontinuities include those discontinuities caused by casting variables such as…

Answer 6

inadequate feeding
gating
shrinkage

hot tears
inclusions
cracks

blowholes
excessively high pouring temperatures

Question 7

Processing discontinuities are related to various manufacturing processes such as…

Answer 7

Forging, machining, forming, extruding, rolling, welding, heat treating, and plating.

Question 8

Service discontinuities are related to service conditions such as…

Answer 8

cycles of loading, stress, corrosion, fatigue, and wear

Question 9

What is one way to see if a questionable indication is a relevant indication?

Answer 9

Wipe away the penetrant with a swab dampened with solvent. If the indication comes back, it is relevant.

Question 10

What is the standard temperature for conducting PT?

Answer 10

50-100 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 11

What might you do if PT temperatures are below 50 degrees Fahrenheit?

Answer 11

Double the dwell time!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 12

What happens to penetrant if exposed to temperatures higher than approved?

Answer 12

The penetrant dries and reduces in sensitivity

Question 13

Some special penetrant can withstand temperatures of up to…

Answer 13

350 degrees Fahrenheit. Special procedures and training is required for this method

Question 14

In process tests are sometimes used for the…

Answer 14

Root layer of welds or before final machining

Question 15

Factors that affect the ability for indications to appear include…

Answer 15

The penetrant used, prior processing, and the surface condition of the part

Question 16

The choice of penetrant depends on the…

Answer 16

Location, sensitivity requirements, availability of UV light, water, power, and test requirements

Question 17

Small shallow indications can be viewed under…

Answer 17

A 10x magnifying glass

Question 18

For more critical viewing, indications shall be viewed under..

Answer 18

A microscope of 20x-100x magnification

Question 19

For macro indications, what magnification can be used?

Answer 19

5x-20x magnification

Question 20

The precleaning technique required depends on…

Answer 20

Prior processing of the test object

Question 21

Cracks can happen at any stage of manufacturing and can be categorized as…

Answer 21

Solidification cracks, processing cracks, and service cracks

Question 22

Solidification cracks may change to what during processing?

Answer 22

Straight line crack

Question 23

Processing cracks can occur during…

Answer 23

Welding
straightening
bending
heat treatment
plating

Question 24

Service cracks can be caused by…

Answer 24

Fatigue
Overloading
Corrosion

Question 25

Knowing how the indication occurred in the manufacturing process is important because…

Answer 25

This knowledge will help determine if an indication is a discontinuity or just inherent to the type of manufacturing

Question 26

Bursts are caused by…

Answer 26

Forging at improper temperatures. Are chevron shaped.

Question 27

Forging discontinuities include…

Answer 27

Laps and bursts (And a lot more, but I’m going by what this current chapter is telling me, cha feel?)

Question 28

Casting discontinuities include…

Answer 28

porosity and shrinkage, hot tears, and cold shuts (Not limited to just these discontinuities)

Question 29

Shrinkage is caused by…

Answer 29

Stresses from unequal cooling

Question 30

_______ are the most common form of discontinuities in plates

Answer 30

Laminations

Question 31

Laminations are…

Answer 31

larger discontinuities which are rolled flat and parallel to the surface.

Question 32

Get rid of this shit

Answer 32

Get rid of this shit

Question 33

Shrinkage cracks are usually found in what areas of a casting?

Answer 33

Abrupt changes in thickness.

Question 34

Cracks created during solidification of molten metal are classified as:

Answer 34

Solidification Cracks

Question 35

Bursts are caused:

Answer 35

when forging at improper temperatures.

Question 36

Typically, porosity may be acceptable in which product form if the size of each discontinuity meets certain size limits?

Answer 36

Castings and welds

Question 37

The most common source of false indications is:

Answer 37

poor washing

Question 38

What type of cracks occur from welding, straightening, or bending?

Answer 38

Processing

Question 39

Nonrelevant indications are defined as:

Answer 39

features of the test object that are there by product design and are not detrimental to the serviceability of the part

Question 40

These may change to straight-line indications during processing:

Answer 40

Ingot cracks