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Muscle Anatomy > PT 608 - Cervical & TMJ > Flashcards

PT 608 - Cervical & TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

Platysma

A

O: Skin over edge of mandible
I: Skin over clavicles
N: Facial nerve (CN VII)
A: Tenses skin on neck (facial expression)

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2
Q

Longus Capitis

A

O: Transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae
I: Occipital bone
N: Segmental cervical ventral rami
A: Flexes head & neck

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3
Q

Longus Colli

A

O: (vertical) lower cervical vertebrae
(upper oblique) Upper cervical vertebrae
(lower oblique) Lower cervical vertebrae

I: (vertical) upper cervical vertebrae
(upper oblique) mid-cervical transverse processes
(lower oblique) Mid-cervical transverse processes

N: Segmental ventral rami
A: Flexes neck

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4
Q

Rectus capitis anterior

A

O: Atlas
I: occipital bone
N: Ventral rami C1-C2
A: Flexes head

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5
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis

A

O: Atlas
I: occipital bone
N: Ventral rami C1-C2
A: Lateral flexion of head

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6
Q

Anterior Scalene

A 
O: Transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae
I: 1st rib
N: Ventral rami of cervical nerves
A: (1) Raises 1st rib
    (2) Laterally flex the neck
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7
Q

Middle Scalene

A 
O: All cervical transverse processes 
I: 1st rib
N: Ventral rami of cervical nerves
A: (1) Raises 1st rib
    (2) Laterally flex the neck
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8
Q

Posterior Scalene

A 
O: Transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae
I: 2nd rib
N: Ventral rami of cervical nerves
A: (1) Raises 2nd rib
    (2) Laterally flex the neck
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9
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A 
O: (1) Manubrium
     (2) Medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: Mastoid process
N: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
A: (1) Flex neck
    (2) Rotates head to opposite side
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10
Q

What are the 4 strap muscles?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

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11
Q

Omohyoid

A

O: (inferior belly) Superior margin of scapula
(superior belly) Hyoid bone
I: Intermediate tendon that attaches to posterior clavicle & 1st rib via fascial sling
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & Swallowing

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12
Q

Sternohyoid

A

O: Manubrium
I: Hyoid bone
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & swallowing

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13
Q

Sternothyroid

A

O: Manubrium
I: Thyroid cartilage
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & swallowing

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14
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Hyoid bone
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & swallowing

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15
Q

Masseter

A 
O: Zygomatic arch
I: Ramus of mandible
N: Mandibular division of CN V (V3)
A: (1) Close mandible
    (2) Protract mandible
    (3) Deep fibers, retract mandible
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16
Q

Temporalis

A 
O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process of mandible
N: Mandibulr divsion of CN V (V3) 
A: (1) Closes mandible
    (2) Retracts mandible
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17
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

O: Lateral pterygoid plate (lateral surface)

I: (1) neck of mandible

(2) TMJ capsule
(3) Articular disc

N: Mandibular division of CN V (V3)

A: Opens mandible (depression) & Protracts mandible

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18
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

O: Lateral pterygoid plate (medial surface)

I: inner surface of the ramus of the mandible

N: Mandibular division of CN V (V3)

Ax: Closes mandible

19
Q

Trapezius

A

O: (1) Medial part of superior nuchal line

 (2) Ligamentum nuchae
 (3) Thoracic spinous processes
 (4) Supraspinous ligament

I: (1) Lateral part of the clavicle

(2) Acromion
(3) Spine of the scapula

N: Motor rami from spinal portion of CN XI

Ax: Acting as a whole the trapezius rotates the scapula upward; UT = Rotates scapula upward MT= retracts scapula LT = Depresses and upwardly rotates scapula

20
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

O: (1) Spinous processes of T7 - T12

 (2) Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
 (3) Crest of ilium
 (4) Lower 3-4 ribs
 (5) Inferior angle of scapula

I: Floor of bicipital groove of humerus

N: Thoracodorsal nerve

Ax: Shoulder extension, IR, adduction // Also contributes to scapular depressoin and retraction

21
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

O: Transverse processes of C1-C4

I: Vertebral border between the spine and the superior angle of the scapula

Nv: Dorsal scapular nerve

Ax: Elevation of scapula & downward rotation of scapula

22
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

O: Spinous processes of C7 - T1

I: Vertebral border of scapula at base of scap spine

Nv: Dorsal scapular nerve

Ax: Downward rotation, retraction & elevation of scapula

23
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

O: Spinous processes T3 - T6

I: Transverse processes C1-C3

Nv: Dorsal Rami

Ax: Bilateral = neck extension
Unilateral = Rotates head to same side

24
Q

Splenius capitis

A

O: (1) Spinous processes C7 - T4
(2) Ligamentum nuchae

I: (1) Mastoid process
(2) Lateral part of superior nuchal line

Nv: Dorsal rami

Ax: Bilateral = neck extension
Unilateral = Rotates head to the same side

25
Q

Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Cervicis

A

O: Upper ribs

I: Cervical transverse processes

Nv: Dorsal rami

Ax: Bilateral = neck/thoracic extension
Unilateral = Lateral flexion of trunk
Eccentric control against gravity

26
Q

Erector Spinae Longissimus Cervicis

A

O: Upper 4-6 thoracic transverse processes

I: Transverse processes of C2-C6

Nv: Dorsal Rami

Ax: Bilateral = neck extension
Unilateral = Lateral flexion of neck
Controls the neck/upper trunk eccentrically against gravity

27
Q

Erector Spinae Longissimus Capitis

A

O: Upper cervical transverse processes

I: Mastoid process

Nv: Dorsal Rami

Ax: Bilateral = Extends the neck
Unilateral = Lateral flexion of neck
Eccentrically controls flexion against gravity

28
Q

Erector Spinae Spinalis

A

O: Lower thoracic SP

I: Upper thoracic SP

Nv: Dorsal Rami

Ax: Bilateral = extends back
Unilateral = Lateral flexion of trunk
Eccentrically controls flexion against gravity

29
Q

Semispinalis Thoracis

A

O: Thoracic transverse processes

I: Spinous processes 4-6 segments above origin

Nv: Dorsal Rami

Ax: Rotation to the opposite side

** FIbers run upward from lateral to medial **

30
Q

Semispinalis Cervicis

A

O: Cervical transverse processes

I: Spinous processes 4-6 segments above origin

Nv: Dorsal rami

Ax: Rotation to the opposite side

** Fibers run upward from lateral to medial **

31
Q

Semispinalis Capitis

A

O: Lower cervical transverse processes

I: Space between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Nv: Dorsal rami

Ax: Rotation to the opposite side

** Fibers run vertically **

32
Q

What muscles are included in the transversospinalis muscle group?

A
  • Multifidus
  • Rotatores
  • Semispinalis Thoracis
  • Semispinalis Cervicis
  • Semispinalis Capitis
33
Q

What is the common action of the transversospinalis muscle group?

A

Rotation to the oppposite side

34
Q

Multifidus

A

O: Transverse processes

I: Spinous processes

Nv: Dorsal rami

Ax: Rotation to the opposite side

** Cross 2-4 spinal segments up to C2 **

35
Q

Where is the Multifidus muscle most well developed and why?

A

Lumbar region

No semispinalis musculature in the lumbar region

36
Q

Rotators

A

O: Transverse processes

I: Spinous processes

Nv: Dorsal rami

Ax: Rotation to the opposite side

** Cross 1-2 segments **

37
Q

Segmental Muscles:

Interspinales & Intertransversarii

A

Across adjacent vertebrae either on transverse processes or deep to spinous ligaments

Nv: Dorsal rami

** Only found in cervical and lumbar regions, not easily visible on cadavers **

38
Q

What are the 4 suboccipital muscles?

A
  1. Obliquus Capitis Inferior
  2. Obliquus Capitis Superior
  3. Rectus Capitis Posterior major
  4. Rectus Capitis Posterior minor
39
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

A

O: Spinous process of C2

I: Transverse process of C1

Nv: Suboccipital nerve

Ax: Rotates atlas and head to same side

40
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior

A

O: Transverse process of C1

I: Near inferior nuchal line

Nv: Suboccipital nerve

Ax: Bilateral = extends neck
Unilateral = lateral flexion of neck

41
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

O: Spinous process of C2

I: Inferior nuchal line near the middle

Nv: Suboccipital nerve

Ax: Extends neck

42
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

O: Posterior tubercle of C1

I: Partially under cover of RCPmajor near the inferior nuchal line

Nv: Suboccipital nerve

Ax: Extends the neck

43
Q

What nerve innervates the suboccipital muscles

A

Suboccipital nerve (C1)

Muscle Anatomy (1 decks)

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