PT 608 - Cervical & TMJ Flashcards
Platysma
O: Skin over edge of mandible
I: Skin over clavicles
N: Facial nerve (CN VII)
A: Tenses skin on neck (facial expression)
Longus Capitis
O: Transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae
I: Occipital bone
N: Segmental cervical ventral rami
A: Flexes head & neck
Longus Colli
O: (vertical) lower cervical vertebrae
(upper oblique) Upper cervical vertebrae
(lower oblique) Lower cervical vertebrae
I: (vertical) upper cervical vertebrae
(upper oblique) mid-cervical transverse processes
(lower oblique) Mid-cervical transverse processes
N: Segmental ventral rami
A: Flexes neck
Rectus capitis anterior
O: Atlas
I: occipital bone
N: Ventral rami C1-C2
A: Flexes head
Rectus capitis lateralis
O: Atlas
I: occipital bone
N: Ventral rami C1-C2
A: Lateral flexion of head
Anterior Scalene
O: Transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae
I: 1st rib
N: Ventral rami of cervical nerves
A: (1) Raises 1st rib
(2) Laterally flex the neckMiddle Scalene
O: All cervical transverse processes
I: 1st rib
N: Ventral rami of cervical nerves
A: (1) Raises 1st rib
(2) Laterally flex the neckPosterior Scalene
O: Transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae
I: 2nd rib
N: Ventral rami of cervical nerves
A: (1) Raises 2nd rib
(2) Laterally flex the neckSternocleidomastoid
O: (1) Manubrium
(2) Medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: Mastoid process
N: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
A: (1) Flex neck
(2) Rotates head to opposite sideWhat are the 4 strap muscles?
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
O: (inferior belly) Superior margin of scapula
(superior belly) Hyoid bone
I: Intermediate tendon that attaches to posterior clavicle & 1st rib via fascial sling
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & Swallowing
Sternohyoid
O: Manubrium
I: Hyoid bone
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & swallowing
Sternothyroid
O: Manubrium
I: Thyroid cartilage
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & swallowing
Thyrohyoid
O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Hyoid bone
N: Branches of ansa cervicalis
A: Neck flexion & swallowing
Masseter
O: Zygomatic arch
I: Ramus of mandible
N: Mandibular division of CN V (V3)
A: (1) Close mandible
(2) Protract mandible
(3) Deep fibers, retract mandibleTemporalis
O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process of mandible
N: Mandibulr divsion of CN V (V3)
A: (1) Closes mandible
(2) Retracts mandibleLateral Pterygoid
O: Lateral pterygoid plate (lateral surface)
I: (1) neck of mandible
(2) TMJ capsule
(3) Articular disc
N: Mandibular division of CN V (V3)
A: Opens mandible (depression) & Protracts mandible
Medial Pterygoid
O: Lateral pterygoid plate (medial surface)
I: inner surface of the ramus of the mandible
N: Mandibular division of CN V (V3)
Ax: Closes mandible
Trapezius
O: (1) Medial part of superior nuchal line
(2) Ligamentum nuchae (3) Thoracic spinous processes (4) Supraspinous ligament
I: (1) Lateral part of the clavicle
(2) Acromion
(3) Spine of the scapula
N: Motor rami from spinal portion of CN XI
Ax: Acting as a whole the trapezius rotates the scapula upward; UT = Rotates scapula upward MT= retracts scapula LT = Depresses and upwardly rotates scapula
Latissimus Dorsi
O: (1) Spinous processes of T7 - T12
(2) Thoracolumbar aponeurosis (3) Crest of ilium (4) Lower 3-4 ribs (5) Inferior angle of scapula
I: Floor of bicipital groove of humerus
N: Thoracodorsal nerve
Ax: Shoulder extension, IR, adduction // Also contributes to scapular depressoin and retraction
Levator Scapulae
O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Vertebral border between the spine and the superior angle of the scapula
Nv: Dorsal scapular nerve
Ax: Elevation of scapula & downward rotation of scapula
Rhomboid Minor
O: Spinous processes of C7 - T1
I: Vertebral border of scapula at base of scap spine
Nv: Dorsal scapular nerve
Ax: Downward rotation, retraction & elevation of scapula
Splenius Cervicis
O: Spinous processes T3 - T6
I: Transverse processes C1-C3
Nv: Dorsal Rami
Ax: Bilateral = neck extension
Unilateral = Rotates head to same side
Splenius capitis
O: (1) Spinous processes C7 - T4
(2) Ligamentum nuchae
I: (1) Mastoid process
(2) Lateral part of superior nuchal line
Nv: Dorsal rami
Ax: Bilateral = neck extension
Unilateral = Rotates head to the same side
Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Cervicis
O: Upper ribs
I: Cervical transverse processes
Nv: Dorsal rami
Ax: Bilateral = neck/thoracic extension
Unilateral = Lateral flexion of trunk
Eccentric control against gravity
Erector Spinae Longissimus Cervicis
O: Upper 4-6 thoracic transverse processes
I: Transverse processes of C2-C6
Nv: Dorsal Rami
Ax: Bilateral = neck extension
Unilateral = Lateral flexion of neck
Controls the neck/upper trunk eccentrically against gravity
Erector Spinae Longissimus Capitis
O: Upper cervical transverse processes
I: Mastoid process
Nv: Dorsal Rami
Ax: Bilateral = Extends the neck
Unilateral = Lateral flexion of neck
Eccentrically controls flexion against gravity
Erector Spinae Spinalis
O: Lower thoracic SP
I: Upper thoracic SP
Nv: Dorsal Rami
Ax: Bilateral = extends back
Unilateral = Lateral flexion of trunk
Eccentrically controls flexion against gravity
Semispinalis Thoracis
O: Thoracic transverse processes
I: Spinous processes 4-6 segments above origin
Nv: Dorsal Rami
Ax: Rotation to the opposite side
** FIbers run upward from lateral to medial **
Semispinalis Cervicis
O: Cervical transverse processes
I: Spinous processes 4-6 segments above origin
Nv: Dorsal rami
Ax: Rotation to the opposite side
** Fibers run upward from lateral to medial **
Semispinalis Capitis
O: Lower cervical transverse processes
I: Space between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Nv: Dorsal rami
Ax: Rotation to the opposite side
** Fibers run vertically **
What muscles are included in the transversospinalis muscle group?
- Multifidus
- Rotatores
- Semispinalis Thoracis
- Semispinalis Cervicis
- Semispinalis Capitis
What is the common action of the transversospinalis muscle group?
Rotation to the oppposite side
Multifidus
O: Transverse processes
I: Spinous processes
Nv: Dorsal rami
Ax: Rotation to the opposite side
** Cross 2-4 spinal segments up to C2 **
Where is the Multifidus muscle most well developed and why?
Lumbar region
No semispinalis musculature in the lumbar region
Rotators
O: Transverse processes
I: Spinous processes
Nv: Dorsal rami
Ax: Rotation to the opposite side
** Cross 1-2 segments **
Segmental Muscles:
Interspinales & Intertransversarii
Across adjacent vertebrae either on transverse processes or deep to spinous ligaments
Nv: Dorsal rami
** Only found in cervical and lumbar regions, not easily visible on cadavers **
What are the 4 suboccipital muscles?
- Obliquus Capitis Inferior
- Obliquus Capitis Superior
- Rectus Capitis Posterior major
- Rectus Capitis Posterior minor
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
O: Spinous process of C2
I: Transverse process of C1
Nv: Suboccipital nerve
Ax: Rotates atlas and head to same side
Obliquus Capitis Superior
O: Transverse process of C1
I: Near inferior nuchal line
Nv: Suboccipital nerve
Ax: Bilateral = extends neck
Unilateral = lateral flexion of neck
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
O: Spinous process of C2
I: Inferior nuchal line near the middle
Nv: Suboccipital nerve
Ax: Extends neck
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
O: Posterior tubercle of C1
I: Partially under cover of RCPmajor near the inferior nuchal line
Nv: Suboccipital nerve
Ax: Extends the neck
What nerve innervates the suboccipital muscles
Suboccipital nerve (C1)
