Pt 2

Question 1

3 processes of respiration

Answer 1

Pulmonary - physical movement of air in and out of respiratory tract
External - includes all processes involves in exchanging gases within the interstitial fluids and external environment
Internal - “cellular respiration”, involves uptake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide within individual cells

Question 2

Accessory muscles of inhalation and exhalation

Answer 2

Inhalation - diaphragm
Exhalation - external intercostal muscles

Question 3

Pressures important in respiration

Answer 3

1 atmospheric pressure , 760mmHg
2 intrapulmonary pressure , at rest 760mmHg
3 intrapleural pressure , at rest 756mmHg, -4mmHg difference

Question 4

Factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

Answer 4

1 lung compliance - force required to inflate lung
2 elastance - inverse of compliance
3 surface tension of alveolar fluid - surface reduces surface tension
4 airways resistance

Question 5

Lung volumes

Answer 5

Tidal (~500mL) air entering/leaving during single breath
Inspiratory reserve (~3000mL) maximum volume of air that can be maximally inspired above typical tidal volume
Expiratory reserve (~1200mL) maximum volume of air that can be maximally expired above typical tidal volume
Residual (1200mL) minimum v of air in lungs after max exhalation

Question 6

Lung capacities

Answer 6

Vital (4500mL)
Inspiratory (3500mL)
Functional residual (2200mL)
Total (5700mL)

Question 7

Liver function

Answer 7

Bile production
Metabolic regulation
Haematological regulation