Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYO 2470 > PSYO Exam 1 > Flashcards

PSYO Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nerves as wires: Dorsal & Ventral roots

A 
Dorsal= sensory 
Ventral= Motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phrenology

A

Head bumps= personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cerebellum

A

Responsible for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Language impairment (Broca)

A

broca’s area= speech production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Cell Theory (1839)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Santiago Ramon U Cajai

A

Neuron Doctrine= neuron is the structural & functional unit of the NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Camillo Golgi

A 
Golgi Stain (1873)= Visualize nervous tissue under light microscopy 
Golgi appartus, tendon origin= helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neuroanatomy: Neuroimaging

A

Staining & Photos were early techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structural imaging

A

CT/CAT
MRI
-) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)= Traces flow of water in the brain to visualize white matter structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functional imaging:

A

PET

FMRI= blood flow in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Measuring brain activity

A

EEG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Jargon

A 
Nucleus= Collection of neurons in the CNS
Ganglion= Collection of neurons in the PNS
Tract= Bundle of axons in the CNS
Nerve= Bundle of axons in the PNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

protective barriers for the brain

A

Meninges:

  1. Dura matter (Leather texture)
  2. Arachnoid Membrane (looks like spider webs)
  3. Pia matter (separated by subarachnoid space)= Filled with cerebrial spinal fluid
    - Close proximity to the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

medial surface of the brain

A
  1. Cingulate gyrus= physical & emotional pain
  2. Corpus callosum
  3. Amygdala
  4. Hippocampus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Jargon:

A 
Sulcus= small groove 
Gyrus= ridge of cortex 
Fissure= Large groove
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cortical Structures:

A

most of the cortex that covers the cerebral hemispheres is neocortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary sensory areas:

A
  1. Somatosensory: Postcentral gyrus (touch)
  2. Visual: Posterir occipital lobe
  3. Auditory: Temporal lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Primary Motor Areas:

A

Precentrial Gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Association Areas (Largest proportion of cortex in humans)

A
  1. The insula= involved in movement, language, taste, regulating bodies internal environment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vision: Retinal Organization

A

retina-) Lateral geniculate nucleus (Thalamus) -) Area 17/VI/Striate cortext (1 degree visual cortex) -) 2 dozen other cortical areas (occipital, temporal, parietal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rods & Cones

A

5 million cones (coloured vision)

100 million rods (colourless vision)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

m-type & p-type ganglion cells

A

Ganglion cells are the final output neurons of the vertebrate retina
faster firing action potential
larger receptor fields
respond differently to stimulation in the receptive fields
decline rapidly even though the light is still on.

24
Q

Contralateral & ipsilateral

A

Con. = opposite side

ipsi. same side

25
Q

Lateral geniculate neurons

A

the sight of the first synapse along the pathway from retina to conscious perception
6 layers:
1-2 receive input from the magnocellular (5% total axons leaving eye)
3-6 receive input from parvocellular (90% of retinal afference)

26
Q

inputs from the LGN

A
  1. Magnocellular
  2. Parvocellular
  3. Koniocellular
27
Q

Retinotopy

A

A map of the visual field on its various target structures

mapping of visual input from the retina to neurons

28
Q

Striate Cortex/VI

A

9 layers

29
Q

outputs of the striate cortex:

A
  1. Layers 2, 4b (other cortical areas)
  2. Layer 5 (Superior colliculus & pons)
  3. Layer 6 (back to the LGN)
30
Q

Transneuronal Autoradiography

A

injected radioactive amino acid into 1 eye, got taken up by gangolion cells

31
Q

monocular & binocular:

A

Monocular: Retinal Ganglion cells & LGN & Striate cortex layer IVc
Binocular: Other layers (mostly)

32
Q

simple cells: Receptive fields

A

binocular
orientation-selective
elongated

response:
on or off
opposite off or on in adjacent areas

33
Q

complex cells: Receptive fields

A

binocular
orientation- selective
elongated

response:
on or off
No distinct regions

34
Q

Dorsal Stream:

A

Motion & visual control of action

35
Q

ventral stream

A

recognition of objects

36
Q

Achromatopsia

A

loss of colour vision

37
Q

area IT

A

Fusiform face area

damage= prosopagnosia

38
Q

Nature of sound: Cycle

A

Distance between successive compressed patches of air

39
Q

Frequency:

A 
Number of cycles per second 
expressed in Hz 
Human range: 20-20,000 Hz
Anything that can move air molecules can generate sound
Pitch
40
Q

Amplitude:

A

loudness/height (in image/photo)

41
Q

Purity:

A

Number of frequencies presented

42
Q

Ultrasound & Infrasound

A

Ultrasound: Greater than 20Hz
Infrasound: Lower than 20Hz (whale= 20Hz)

43
Q

Auditory Pathway:

A

Auditory receptors in cochlea—Brain stem neurons—MGN—Auditory cortex

44
Q

The middle ear:

A

AMPLI sound
Smallest bones body
air—) fluid

45
Q

How the ossicles work:

A
  1. increasing force by lever mechanism

2. Delivering force to smaller surface area

46
Q

encoding sound: Intensity

A 
determined by: 
1. Firing rate
2. # of neurons
most responsive to 1600Hz
same firing rate at different volumes
47
Q

Tonotopy

A

map of basilar membrane in cochlear nuclei

48
Q

Phase locking

A

the consistent firing of a cell in phase with soundwave

- up to 5000Hz

49
Q

low frequencies:

A

use phase locking

50
Q

intermediate frequencies

A

phase locking or tonotopy

51
Q

High frequencies:

A

Tonotopy

52
Q

Horizontal plane:

A

Interaural time delay
time different for sound to reach Left and right ear
low freq. works best

53
Q

Body Senses: Types

A
  1. Exteroceptive= external stimuli ( applied to skin)
  2. Proprioceptive= body positions (muscles, joints, balance organs)
  3. interoceptive (body temp., glucose levels)
54
Q

Skin Types:

A

-hairy and glabrous

layers:
epidermis= outer layer
Dermis= inner layer
skin is the largest organ of the body

55
Q

Primary Afferent Axons

A

A alpha= balance
A beta= Touch information
A (weird symbol)= pain & temp.
C= Pain, Temp, itch (slowest amp.)

56
Q

Dermatomes:

A

Areas that recieve signals from areas in nerves

PSYO 2470 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions