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Human Growth > Psycology > Flashcards

Psycology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals of psychology?

A
  1. To describe how people behave
  2. To understand the causes of behaviour
  3. To predict behaviour under certain conditions
  4. To control behaviour through knowledge and control of its cause.
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2
Q

What are the 4 key approaches to psychology?

A
  • behaviourist
  • cognitive/development
  • sociocultural
  • psychodynamic
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3
Q

What is the nature/nurture debate?

A

The debate about whether characteristics come from our genes or from interaction with our environment

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4
Q

Define socialisation

A

Is how an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behaviours and social skills appropriate to their social position

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5
Q

What are the agents of socialisation?

A

Primary socialisation
Secondary socialisation
The family

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6
Q

What is primary socialisation?

A

The period when children learn language, acceptable behaviour and social skills that form the foundations for later learning

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7
Q

What is secondary socialisation ?

A

Is when children adapt to the wider world and learn to relate to a variety of people in a variety of ways

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8
Q

What is the family socialisation

A

It’s how you are placed in society by your family in terms of race, ethnicity, religion and class

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9
Q

What is lifespan development ?

A

The study of development recognising that an individual will continue to develop and change as they move through their life

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10
Q

What are the areas of development

A 
Physical 
Intellectual
Language
Emotional
Social
Spiritual
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11
Q

What are the periods of development?

A 
Pre natal(before birth)
Infancy(1-2)
Early childhood(2-5)
Middle and late childhood(6-11)
Adolescence(12-19)
Early adulthood(20-40)
Middle adulthood(40-65
Late adulthood(65 onwards)
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12
Q

What are the stages of prenatal development

A

The germinal stage
The embryonic stage
The foetal stage

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13
Q

Describe the germinal stage of prenatal development

A

Zygote undergoes rapid cell division that leads to the formation of a solid mass of cells that attaches itself to the mothers uterus

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14
Q

Describe the embryonic stage

A

The placenta and umbilical cord begin to develop and bodily organs and systems begin to form, the heart is beating strongly

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15
Q

Describe the foetal stage of prenatal development

A

The sex of the baby is now obvious, mouth nose, eyes and external ears are developed, the skin becomes covered with a fatty secretion called vernix caseosa. At week 24 the cells lining the lungs have secreted a layer of surfactant which facilitates the expansion of the developing alveoli.

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16
Q

What is the placenta

A

Composed of cells derived from mother and foetus, allows transfer of nutrients, oxygen, and metabolic waste. It allows antibodies to pass from mum to foetus.

17
Q

What is the function of amniotic fluid?

A

It supports the embryo and protects it from mechanical shock

18
Q

What are teratogens?

A

External influences that can cause birth defects, alcohol, drugs cigarettes

19
Q

Describe the 3 stages of birth

A
  1. Contractions to open cervix, cervix will be fully dilated 10cm at end of this stage
  2. The baby’s head starts to move down the birth canal, can last between several minutes to 2 hours
  3. Delivery of afterbirth, placenta, umbilical cord and other membranes, shortest stage of labour.
20
Q

What is the APGAR scale

A

Used to assess a baby’s health in first minutes of life,

21
Q

What does the APGAR scale assess?

A
  1. Heart rate
  2. respiration
  3. muscle tone
  4. reflex response
  5. skin colour
22
Q

Define growth

A

An increase in size and complexity

23
Q

Define development

A

An acquisition of skills

24
Q

Define fertilisation

A

When a woman’s egg is fertilised by a mans sperm

25
Q

What is a zygote

A

A fertilised egg

26
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Tightly coiled molecules of DNA, 23 pairs in a zygote

27
Q

What is genotype?

A

The specific genetic makeup of an individual, don’t change

28
Q

What is phenotype

A

Phenotypes can be affected by other genes and the environment, they can change

29
Q

Name 2 chromosomal disorders

A

Downs syndrome

Edwards syndrome

30
Q

What is psychology?

A

The study of people, how they think, act, react and interact, it’s concerned with all aspects of behaviour and thoughts, and the feelings and motivation underlying that behaviour

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