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Human Behavior > psychotic d/o > Flashcards

psychotic d/o Flashcards

1
Q

alogia

A

poverty of speech

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2
Q

avolotion

A

inability to initiate and persist life activities

SCHIZOPHRENIA

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3
Q

mood in MDD v psychotic

A 
MDD = mood congruent sx
psychotic = not so much
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4
Q

dopamine hypothesis of schizo

A

too much - basal ganglia

too little - prefrontal cortex

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5
Q

dopamine in schizo:

mesocortical

A

negative, cognitive, mood

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6
Q

dopamine in schizo:

tuberoinfundibular

A

inhibits prolactin release

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7
Q

dopamine in schizo:

mesolimbic

A

positive sx d/t hyperactivity

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8
Q

dopamine in schizo:

nigrostriatal

A

extrapyrimidal (tardive dyskinesia)

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9
Q

glutamate in schizo

A

insufficient signaling leads to positive and negative sx

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10
Q

glutamate in schizo

frontal cortex

A

since glutamate amplifies dopa, too little glutamate produces sx similar to having too little dopa

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11
Q

glutamate in schizo

basal ganglia

A

? but same as if too much dopa

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12
Q

PCP/NMDA model of schizo

A

PCP blocks NMDA receptors

  • causes schizo-like sx
  • maybe endogenous NMDA blocks cause schizo

Note: NMDA is a glutamate receptor

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13
Q

Glycine transport inhibitor and schizo

A

Normally glycine transporters protect NMDA from high levels of glycines
-inhibiting these transporters removes the protection

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14
Q

Chromosome involved in schizo

A

6

-specifically component 4 which controls Ca channel, glutamate signaling

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15
Q

extremely negativism

A

movement resistance

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16
Q

catalepsy

A

waxy

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17
Q

pruning

A

normal in kids, in schizo may keep going in adulthood

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18
Q

random things that might increase risk of schizo

A
  • birth trauma brain damage
  • viral infection 2 and 3 trimester
  • nutritional issues
  • maternal stress
  • parent dies in childhood
  • low SES
  • urban area, northern hemisphere, winter birth month
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19
Q

stages of schizo

A

prodrome (negative)
acute (positive)
recovery/residual

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20
Q

prognosis stats for schizo

A

30% functional
30% intermittent hospitalization
30% incapacitated
10% suicide

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21
Q

better prognostic factors for schizo

A 
late onset
sudden onset
female
more positive sx 
higher baseline level of function
paranoid subtype (as opposed to disorganzied)
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22
Q

side effects of typical antipsychotics

A 
high potency:
extrapyramidal
prolactin
sedation, wt gain (anti H1)
blurry vision, drymouth, conspitation, urinary retention, memory probs (anti M1)

low potency:
arrhythmia, skin discoloration, seizure

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23
Q

low potency and high potency example

A

high - haloperidol

low - chlorpromazine

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24
Q

extrapyramidal

A

dystonia
akathisia (rocking, pacing, mvmt compul)
parkinsonism
tardive dyskinseia

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25
Q

torticollis

A

dystonia where your neck is bent to one side

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26
Q

opisthotonos

A

arched back like in tetanus

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27
Q

side effects of atypical antipsychotics

A 
wt gain
increased blood glucose
increased triglycerides
possible sedation
prolonged QT
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28
Q

brief psychotic episode

A

like schizo but lasts 1d-1mo

- increased risk if woman, personality d/o

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29
Q

schizophreniform

A

like schizo but 1mo-6mo

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30
Q

delusion d/o

A

delusions lasting >1 mo
rare hallucinations
functioning unaffected
no disorganized thought/behavior

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31
Q

schizoaffective

A 
schizo sx + mood
psychotic sx in absence of mood sx 
psychotic sx last 2 weeks or more
prognosis slightly better
more common in women
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32
Q

schizoid

A

detached from social relationships
restricted emotion in social settings
(nothing psycho)

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33
Q

schizotypal

A

v uncomfortable w close relationships
maybe cognitive distortions
maybe eccentric behavior
(nothing psycho)

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34
Q

cognitive probs in psychosis

A

working mem
executive functioning
attention
learning

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35
Q

appraisal and anticipation (anxiety)

A

appraisal in cortex
parietal - threatening?
frontal - what do i do?

anticipation
deeper structure, fight/flight

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36
Q

arousal (anxiety)

A

NE, sympathetic

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37
Q

Panic d/o

A

fear of panic attack itself

misinterpet things - i’m dying

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38
Q

Social phobia

A

6+ mo
negative expectations
negative interpretation of others’ response

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39
Q

PTSD

A

memory
overestimation of risk will recur
nightmare

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40
Q

normal stress response path

A 
hypothalamus
pituitary
adrenal cortex
cortisol
> negative feedback
41
Q

GAD

A

6+ months, 3/6 criteria

restless, fatigue, conc, irritable, muscle tense, sleep disturbed

42
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear 2+

open space, enclosed space, in line/crowd, outside your home alone

43
Q

panic attack (d/o is repeated attacks)

A

4+ of the following
racing heart, sweat, trembling, SOB, choking, angina, nausea, dizzy, chills, tingling, derealization/depersonalization, fear of going crazy, fear of dying
d/o = 1 mo worrying you’ll have another

44
Q

Simple phobia

A

6+ mo

45
Q

arousal examples

A

panic, tonic, flushing, tension, HA

46
Q

GAD epi

A

females, 30+

4-7% of population

47
Q

simple phobia epi

A

females, 12%

usually resolves by adulthood

48
Q

social phobia epi

A

male = female, onset <25

3-5% pop

49
Q

panic epi

A

females, <30

50
Q

3 CBT approaches for anxiety

A

exposure
systematic desensitization (close eyes)
flooding

51
Q

deep breathing explanation for anxiety tx

A

shallow breathing = more CO2, brain thinks it’s suffocating

deep breathing = more O2, stops this response

52
Q

central neurotransmitters (2)

A

gaba, glutamate

53
Q

monoamine (2)

A

seratonin, NE “fight/flight”

54
Q

MAPPSS-CO

A 
mood
anxiety
psychotic
personality
substance
somatic
cognitive
obsessions
55
Q

1 in _ teens have d/o

A

5

56
Q

Suicide is __ cause of death overall

__ cause of death 10-34

A

10, 2

57
Q

3 techniques ending in -ation for a psych interview

A

normalization
continuation
redirection

58
Q

4 Ps

A

predisposing
precipitating
perpetuating
protective

59
Q

stereotypy

A

repetition of senseless speech or movement (autism, schizo)

60
Q

catatonia

A

immobile/weird positioning

61
Q

dystonia

A

painful involuntary muscle contractions

62
Q

dyskinesia

A

difficulty performing voluntary movements

63
Q

circumstantiality

A

include too many details

64
Q

derailment

A

sentences don’t make sense

65
Q

flight of ideas

A

move rapidly from idea to idea

66
Q

neologism

A

new words or using words differently

67
Q

distractable though

A

during discussion, pt changes course due to something unrelated in the environment

68
Q

word salad

A

literally makes no sense, just random words

69
Q

tangentality

A

you give an appropriate response to the question but don’t answer the question

70
Q

alogia, preoccupation, delusion

circumstantiality are disorders of

A

thought content

71
Q

ideas of influence

A

another person/force is controlling one’s behavior

72
Q

nihilistic

A

think self, part of self, world does not exist

73
Q

jealousy

A

everyone wants what they have

74
Q

attention

A

WORLD backwards

75
Q

concentration

A

serial 7s

76
Q

calculation

A

serial 7s (also assess concentration)

77
Q

interlocking pentagons difficulty

A

constructional apraxia

78
Q

SIGECAPS

A 
sleep
interest
guilt
energy
concentration
appetite
psychomotor
suicide
79
Q

brain structure hyperactive in dpn

A

hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

80
Q

monoamine in neocortex

A

concentration

81
Q

monoamine in striatum

A

sluggish movement

82
Q

monoamine in amygaloid body

A

anxiety

83
Q

monoamine in hypothalamus

A

sleep and appetite

84
Q

monoamine in hippocampus

A

memory problems

85
Q

manic episode

A

1 week

significant impairment in functioning

86
Q

hypomanic

A

4 days or less

not significant impairment in functioning

87
Q

disruptive mood d/o tx

A

CBT

88
Q

disruptive mood d/o

A

sx began at age 10 or before
dx can only be made from 6-18
sx last 12+ mo

89
Q

persistant depressive d/o

A

2 years

90
Q

psychotic features in depressive are mood ___

A

congruent

91
Q

ecstasy - appearance

A

euphora, diminished fear, self-confident

92
Q

ecstasy - mechanism

A

release monoamines

93
Q

hallucinogens - appearance

A

dilated pupils, synesthesia

  • LSD, hallucinations
  • mescaline, visual geometricization
94
Q

hallucinogens - mechanism

A

seratonin agonist

95
Q

PCP - appearance

A 
Rage
Erythema
Dialated pupils
Delusions
Amnesia
Nystagmus
Excitation
Skin dryness
96
Q

PCP - side effects

A

memory loss, liver probs, dpn, psychosis

97
Q

PCP - mechanism

A

NMDA antagonist, hallucinations

98
Q

cannabis - mechanism

A

GPCR receptor for THC, inhibits cAMP in hippocapmus, basal ganglia, cerebellum

99
Q

cannibis - appearance

A

perceptual disturbance, anxiety, paranoia, infection, tachycadic, dry mouth, increased appetite

Human Behavior (2 decks)

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